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Brain, Vol. 106, No. 4, 949-964, 1983
© 1983 Guarantors of Brain

research-article

PRIMARY POSITION UPBEATING NYSTAGMUS

A VARIETY OF CENTRAL POSITIONAL NYSTAGMUS

ANTHONY FISHER1, MICHAEL GRESTY2, BRIAN CHAMBERS3 and PETER RUDGE2

Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital Perth, Australia1 MRC Neuro-otology Unit, The National Hospital for Nervous Diseases Queen Square, London2 Sunnybrook Medical Centre Toronto, Canada3

We report a collaborative study of 11 patients with upbeat nystagmus in the primary position of gaze. In most cases the nystagmus behaved in accordance with Alexander's Law; in 3 patients convergence enhanced the nystagmus. Lateral gaze was without effect in 7 instances. Static tilt to prone and supine positions altered the characteristics of the nystagmus in 7 patients. The effects were variable and, in one case, there was reversal of the direction of the nystagmus to downbeating. There was pathological or radiological confirmation of lesions in the pontomedullary junction (2 cases) and the pontomesencephalic junction (2 cases). The findings support previous reports that primary position upbeat nystagmus occurs predominately with intra-axial brainstem lesions. There is one report of its occurrence with an intrinsic cerebellar lesion. Modification of the amplitude of upbeat nystagmus by tilt of the head with respect to gravity in the majority of patients implies an otolith-related component in the genesis of the nystagmus.

Received December 22, 1982. Revised March 31, 1983.
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