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Brain, Vol. 107, No. 1, 275-291, 1984
© 1984 Oxford University Press

research-article

THE LOCATION OF SPEECH AND WRITING FUNCTIONS IN THE FRONTAL LANGUAGE AREA: RESULTS OF EXTRAOPERATIVE CORTICAL STIMULATION

R. P. LESSER, H. LUEDERS, D. S. DINNER, J. HAHN1 and L. COHEN2

From the Department of Neurology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA 1The Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA 2The Department of Otolaryngology and Communicative Disorders, Cleveland Clinic Foundation Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA

Correspondence to: Reprint requests and correspondence to: R. P. Lesser, Department of Neurology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44120.

In three patients stimulation of the frontal speech area resulted in one or more of the following symptoms: speech arrest, writing arrest, or impaired rapid alternating movements of the tongue, fingers or toes. Speech arrest could be altered at individual points either with or without impairment of rapid movements or writing, but writing was not impaired without concomitant difficulties with either speech or rapid finger movements.

Our data suggest that the frontal speech area may function to integrate complex motor functions, some speech related and others not. We also confirm previous conclusions that Exner's writing centre is not separate from Broca's area and that the writing defect in Broca's aphasia can occur without involvement of the motor strip.

Received November 25, 1982. Revised July 5, 1983.
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