Brain, Vol. 111, No. 2, 299-321, 1988
© 1988 Oxford University Press
research-article |
‘FRONTAL’ COGNITIVE FUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH PARKINSON'S DISEASE ‘ON’AND ‘OFF’ LEVODOPA
From the MRC Movement Disorders Research Group, University Department of Neurology and Parkinson s Disease Society Research Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, London
Correspondence to:
Correspondence to: Mr R. G. Brown, Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, UK
A wide range of cognitive impairments can be observed in patients with Parkinson's disease. A close parallel exists between these deficits and those found following damage to prefrontal cortex. Anatomical evidence is reviewed which reveals a complex pattern of neuronal circuits connecting the frontal cortex and basal ganglia. All these circuits are in some way dependent upon dopamine, suggesting that changes in the levels of dopamine stimulation may alter performance on 'frontal' tests. To test this hypothesis, a group of patients with Parkinson's disease were assessed both on and off levodopa treatment, on a range of tests selected from the human and animal experimental literature as being sensitive to disruption of prefrontal cortex. A variable pattern of results was obtained. On one test, a measure of verbal fluency, patients were impaired, compared with normal controls, only when off levodopa. On two measures, associative conditional learning and subject- ordered pointing, patients were impaired only when on levodopa, while on the final measures, the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, patients were impaired both on and off levodopa. Two mechanisms are discussed to explain these results, one based on the effects of dopamine depletion, and the other based on the adverse effects of dopamine overstimulation. The results suggest that different areas of prefrontal cortex are involved in the tasks employed, and that functional levels of dopamine in separate areas of cortex and caudate may differ crucially in Parkinson's disease.
Received December 9, 1986. Revised May 21, 1987. Accepted July 9, 1987.
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  N. Abe, T. Fujii, K. Hirayama, A. Takeda, Y. Hosokai, T. Ishioka, Y. Nishio, K. Suzuki, Y. Itoyama, S. Takahashi, et al. Do parkinsonian patients have trouble telling lies? The neurobiological basis of deceptive behaviour Brain, May 1, 2009; 132(5): 1386 - 1395. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Q. Chen, J. C. Marshall, R. Weidner, and G. R. Fink Zooming In and Zooming Out of the Attentional Focus: An fMRI Study Cereb Cortex, April 1, 2009; 19(4): 805 - 819. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. B. Rowe, L. Hughes, B. C. P. Ghosh, D. Eckstein, C. H. Williams-Gray, S. Fallon, R. A. Barker, and A. M. Owen Parkinson's disease and dopaminergic therapy--differential effects on movement, reward and cognition Brain, August 1, 2008; 131(8): 2094 - 2105. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Nagano-Saito, M. Leyton, O. Monchi, Y. K. Goldberg, Y. He, and A. Dagher Dopamine Depletion Impairs Frontostriatal Functional Connectivity during a Set-Shifting Task J. Neurosci., April 2, 2008; 28(14): 3697 - 3706. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. J Hood, S. C Amador, A. E Cain, K. A Briand, A. H Al-Refai, M. C Schiess, and A. B Sereno Levodopa slows prosaccades and improves antisaccades: an eye movement study in Parkinson's disease J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, June 1, 2007; 78(6): 565 - 570. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Clarke, S. Walker, J. Dalley, T. Robbins, and A. Roberts Cognitive Inflexibility after Prefrontal Serotonin Depletion Is Behaviorally and Neurochemically Specific Cereb Cortex, January 1, 2007; 17(1): 18 - 27. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Matsui, F. Udaka, T. Miyoshi, N. Hara, A. Tamura, M. Oda, T. Kubori, K. Nishinaka, and M. Kameyama Frontal Assessment Battery and Brain Perfusion Image in Parkinson's Disease J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol, March 1, 2006; 19(1): 41 - 45. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. E. Budson and B. H. Price Memory Dysfunction N. Engl. J. Med., February 17, 2005; 352(7): 692 - 699. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. M. Owen Cognitive Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease: The Role of Frontostriatal Circuitry Neuroscientist, December 1, 2004; 10(6): 525 - 537. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. J. Harrison, J. S. Olver, T. R. Norman, G. D. Burrows, K. A. Wesnes, and P. J. Nathan Selective Effects of Acute Serotonin and Catecholamine Depletion on Memory in Healthy Women J Psychopharmacol, March 1, 2004; 18(1): 32 - 40. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
O. Monchi, M. Petrides, J. Doyon, R. B. Postuma, K. Worsley, and A. Dagher Neural Bases of Set-Shifting Deficits in Parkinson's Disease J. Neurosci., January 21, 2004; 24(3): 702 - 710. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Marinus, M. Visser, N. A. Verwey, F. R.J. Verhey, H. A.M. Middelkoop, A. M. Stiggelbout, and J. J. van Hilten Assessment of cognition in Parkinson's disease Neurology, November 11, 2003; 61(9): 1222 - 1228. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. S. Schneider, J. P. Tinker, F. Menzaghi, and G. K. Lloyd The Subtype-Selective Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Agonist SIB-1553A Improves Both Attention and Memory Components of a Spatial Working Memory Task in Chronic Low Dose 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-Treated Monkeys J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., July 1, 2003; 306(1): 401 - 406. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Feigin, M. F. Ghilardi, M. Carbon, C. Edwards, M. Fukuda, V. Dhawan, C. Margouleff, C. Ghez, and D. Eidelberg Effects of levodopa on motor sequence learning in Parkinson's disease Neurology, June 10, 2003; 60(11): 1744 - 1749. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W.-J. Gao, Y. Wang, and P. S. Goldman-Rakic Dopamine Modulation of Perisomatic and Peridendritic Inhibition in Prefrontal Cortex J. Neurosci., March 1, 2003; 23(5): 1622 - 1630. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D Z Press, D J Mechanic, D Tarsy, and D S Manoach Cognitive slowing in Parkinson's disease resolves after practice J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, November 1, 2002; 73(5): 524 - 528. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. R. Royall, E. C. Lauterbach, J. L. Cummings, A. Reeve, T. A. Rummans, D. I. Kaufer, W. C. LaFrance Jr., and C. E. Coffey Executive Control Function: A Review of Its Promise and Challenges for Clinical Research. A Report From the Committee on Research of the American Neuropsychiatric Association J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci, November 1, 2002; 14(4): 377 - 405. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. B. Glickstein, P. R. Hof, and C. Schmauss Mice Lacking Dopamine D2 and D3 Receptors Have Spatial Working Memory Deficits J. Neurosci., July 1, 2002; 22(13): 5619 - 5629. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Cools, L. Clark, A. M. Owen, and T. W. Robbins Defining the Neural Mechanisms of Probabilistic Reversal Learning Using Event-Related Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging J. Neurosci., June 1, 2002; 22(11): 4563 - 4567. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Cools, E. Stefanova, R. A. Barker, T. W. Robbins, and A. M. Owen Dopaminergic modulation of high-level cognition in Parkinson's disease: the role of the prefrontal cortex revealed by PET Brain, March 1, 2002; 125(3): 584 - 594. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Cools, R. A. Barker, B. J. Sahakian, and T. W. Robbins Enhanced or Impaired Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease as a Function of Dopaminergic Medication and Task Demands Cereb Cortex, December 1, 2001; 11(12): 1136 - 1143. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
O. Monchi, M. Petrides, V. Petre, K. Worsley, and A. Dagher Wisconsin Card Sorting Revisited: Distinct Neural Circuits Participating in Different Stages of the Task Identified by Event-Related Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging J. Neurosci., October 1, 2001; 21(19): 7733 - 7741. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Dujardin, L. Defebvre, C. Grunberg, E. Becquet, and A. Destee Memory and executive function in sporadic and familial Parkinson's disease Brain, February 1, 2001; 124(2): 389 - 398. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Pillon, C. Ardouin, P. Damier, P. Krack, J. L. Houeto, H. Klinger, A. M. Bonnet, P. Pollak, A. L. Benabid, and Y. Agid Neuropsychological changes between ""off"" and ""on"" STN or GPi stimulation in Parkinson's disease Neurology, August 8, 2000; 55(3): 411 - 418. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Jahanshahi, C. M. A. Ardouin, R. G. Brown, J. C. Rothwell, J. Obeso, A. Albanese, M. C. Rodriguez-Oroz, E. Moro, A. L. Benabid, P. Pollak, et al. The impact of deep brain stimulation on executive function in Parkinson's disease Brain, June 1, 2000; 123(6): 1142 - 1154. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. O. Rinne, R. Portin, H. Ruottinen, E. Nurmi, J. Bergman, M. Haaparanta, and O. Solin Cognitive Impairment and the Brain Dopaminergic System in Parkinson Disease: [18F]Fluorodopa Positron Emission Tomographic Study Arch Neurol, April 1, 2000; 57(4): 470 - 475. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. Marsh Neuropsychiatric Aspects of Parkinson's Disease Psychosomatics, February 1, 2000; 41(1): 15 - 23. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. K. York, H. S. Levin, R. G. Grossman, and W. J. Hamilton Neuropsychological outcome following unilateral pallidotomy Brain, December 1, 1999; 122(12): 2209 - 2220. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. S. Schneider, J. P. Tinker, M. Van Velson, F. Menzaghi, and G. K. Lloyd Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Agonist SIB-1508Y Improves Cognitive Functioning in Chronic Low-Dose MPTP-Treated Monkeys J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., August 1, 1999; 290(2): 731 - 739. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Slovin, M. Abeles, E. Vaadia, I. Haalman, Y. Prut, and H. Bergman Frontal Cognitive Impairments and Saccadic Deficits in Low-Dose MPTP-Treated Monkeys J Neurophysiol, February 1, 1999; 81(2): 858 - 874. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Perrine, M. Dogali, E. Fazzini, D. Sterio, E. Kolodny, D. Eidelberg, O. Devinsky, and A. Beric Cognitive functioning after pallidotomy for refractory Parkinson's disease J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, August 1, 1998; 65(2): 150 - 154. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. L. Trepanier, J. A. Saint-Cyr, A. M. Lozano, and A. E. Lang Neuropsychological consequences of posteroventral pallidotomy for the treatment of Parkinson's disease Neurology, July 1, 1998; 51(1): 207 - 215. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. D. Amsterdam Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor efficacy in severe and melancholic depression J Psychopharmacol, January 1, 1998; 12(4_suppl): S99 - S111. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. X. Cai and A. F. T. Arnsten Dose-Dependent Effects of the Dopamine D1 Receptor Agonists A77636 or SKF81297 On Spatial Working Memory in Aged Monkeys J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., October 1, 1997; 283(1): 183 - 189. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Stern, M. Richards, M. Sano, and R. Mayeux Comparison of Cognitive Changes in Patients With Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease Arch Neurol, October 1, 1993; 50(10): 1040 - 1045. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Wolfe, R. Linn, V. L. Babikian, J. E. Knoefel, and M. L. Albert Frontal Systems Impairment Following Multiple Lacunar Infarcts Arch Neurol, February 1, 1990; 47(2): 129 - 132. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. R. Caplan, J. D. Schmahmann, C. S. Kase, E. Feldmann, G. Baquis, J. P. Greenberg, P. B. Gorelick, C. Helgason, and D. B. Hier Caudate Infarcts Arch Neurol, February 1, 1990; 47(2): 133 - 143. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|