Brain, Vol. 113, No. 3, 793-812, 1990
© 1990 Guarantors of Brain
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SYNAPSES, AXONAL AND DENDRITIC PATTERNS OF GABA-IMMUNOREACTIVE NEURONS IN HUMAN CEREBRAL CORTEX
1MRC Anatomical Neuropharmacology Unit, University Department of Pharmacology Oxford, UK 21st Department of Anatomy, Semmelweis University Medical School Budapest, Hungary 3Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital Adelaide, South Australia 4Department of Human Physiology, Flinders University South Australia
Correspondence to:
Correspondence to: Dr P. Somogyi, MRC Anatomical Neuropharmacology Unit, University Department of Pharmacology, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK.
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) containing neurons were characterized in human association cortex by a combination of Golgi impregnation and immunohistochemistry. Neurons were Golgi impregnated, gold toned, drawn and then classified on the basis of their dendritic and axonal arborization in layers I–VI. An antiserum to GABA was used to determine which of the impregnated neurons were immunopositive. Twenty-four GABA-positive cells were Golgi impregnated: 7 were bitufted with their dendrites predominantly radially orientated, and 17 were multipolar stellate cells. Three of the multipolar cells with large somata in the deep layers showed dendritic patterns similar to previously described basket cells. Nine of the multipolar stellate cells in layers III–VI showed characteristics of ‘neurogliaform’ neurons (Ramón y Cajal, 1899). The somata and the dendritic field of these cells were spherical, with diameters of about 10–15 µm and 200 µm, respectively. Their dendrites were smooth and slightly beaded. The axon collaterals were densely distributed in and around the dendritic field, in a spherical area with a diameter of at least 300 µm. The thin axon collaterals had only occasional ‘en passant’ swellings. Contacts between the axons of neurogliaform cells and the distal dendrites of Golgi-impregnated pyramidal cells were observed. Electron microscopic immunocytochemistry revealed that GABA immunopositive nerve terminals formed symmetric synaptic contacts with somata, with GABA immunonegative and immunopositive dendritic shafts and with dendritic spines. The results show that GABAergic neurons are heterogeneous with respect to their dendritic and axonal patterns. In addition to the chandelier and basket cells, which have been shown in animal studies to contain GABA, other cell types, most prominently the neurogliaform cells, terminating on the distal parts of neurons, also contain GABA and may have a inhibitory function. Many of the GABAergic terminals make synapses on dendritic spines and shafts in the human cerebral cortex.
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Received March 7, 1989. Revised July 4, 1989. Accepted July 17, 1989.
Present addresses: * Flinders Medical Centre, Department of Pathology, Bedford Park, South Australia;
**University of Woolongong, Department of Physiology, New South Wales, Australia
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