Brain, Vol. 115, No. 6, 1701-1725, 1992
© 1992 Guarantors of Brain
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DIFFERENT EFFECTS OF DOPAMINERGIC AND ANTICHOLINERGIC THERAPIES ON COGNITIVE AND MOTOR FUNCTION IN PARKINSON'S DISEASE
A FOLLOW-UP STUDY OF UNTREATED PATIENTS
1University Department of Clinical Neurology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital Sheffield, UK 2Stanford University School of Medicine and Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Centre Palo Alto, USA
Correspondence to:
Correspondence to: Professor H. J. Sagar, University Department of Clinical Neurology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK.
The cognitive performance of a group of 82 newly diagnosed patients with Parkinson's disease who had never been treated was reassessed approximately 4 mths after randomization to one of three monotherapies (levodopa, bromocriptine or anticholinergic drugs). Dopaminergic and anticholinergic treatments both led to improvement in motor control but their effects upon cognitive performance dissociated. Anticholinergic drugs produced impairment in processes underlying the immediate registration of information whilst dopaminergic therapy produced improvement on a task dependent on working memory and cognitive sequencing. Other cognitive measures showed no change on treatment. The deficits that were affected by cholinergic and dopaminergic modulation are those that were most compromised in the early, untreated state in Parkinson's disease. The data support the notion that cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease is multifactorial in origin: short-term memory processes are served by both dopaminergic and cholinergic subcortico-frontal systems but much of the cognitive impairment of Parkinson's disease is independent of this subcortical neurochemical pathology and may be due to early neuronal dysfunction within the cerebral cortex.
Received December 3, 1991. Revised June 3, 1992. Accepted June 30, 1992.
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