Brain, Vol. 116, No. 1, 117-134, 1993
© 1993 Oxford University Press
research-article |
Prognostic factors in a multiple sclerosis incidence cohort with twenty-five years of follow-up
Department of Neurology, Sahlgren's Hospital Göteborg, Sweden
Correspondence to:
Correspondence to: Björn Runmarker, Department of Neurology, Sahlgren's Hospital, S-413 45 G
teborg, Sweden.
An incidence cohort consisting of 308 multiple sclerosis patients was followed up repeatedly during at least 25 years of disease. A number of clinical factors were analysed with respect to their validity in assessing the long-term prognosis. Of the onset characteristics, the type of course was the most important, with primary progressive patients experiencing a much more severe course. In patients with an acute onset, low onset age, high degree of remission at first exacerbation, symptoms from afferent nerve fibres and onset symptoms from only one region (as compared with polyregional symptoms) of the central nervous system, were factors significantly associated with a favourable long-term prognosis. Of factors known 5 years after onset, a low number of affected neurological systems, a low neurological deficit score and a high degree of remission from the last bout were the most important favourable prognostic factors.
Received February 11, 1992. Revised April 24, 1992. Accepted July 16, 1992.
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S A Hawkins and G V McDonnell Benign multiple sclerosis? Clinical course, long term follow up, and assessment of prognostic factors J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, August 1, 1999; 67(2): 148 - 152. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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B. G Weinshenker Databases in MS research: pitfalls and promises Multiple Sclerosis, August 1, 1999; 5(4): 206 - 211. [Abstract] [PDF]
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C Confavreux, S Vukusic, J Grimaud, and T Moreau Clinical progression and decision making process in multiple sclerosis Multiple Sclerosis, August 1, 1999; 5(4): 212 - 215. [PDF]
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V L Stevenson and D H Miller Magnetic resonance imaging in the monitoring of disease progression in multiple sclerosis Multiple Sclerosis, August 1, 1999; 5(4): 268 - 272. [Abstract] [PDF]
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T. L. Sorensen, J. L. Frederiksen, H. Bronnum-Hansen, and H. C. Petersen Optic neuritis as onset manifestation of multiple sclerosis: A nationwide, long-term survey Neurology, August 1, 1999; 53(3): 473 - 473. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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Z M Levic, I Dujmovic, T Pekmezovic, M Jarebinski, J Marinkovic, N Stojsavljevic, and J Drulovic Prognostic factors for survival in multiple sclerosis Multiple Sclerosis, June 1, 1999; 5(3): 171 - 178. [Abstract] [PDF]
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D W Langdon and A J Thompson Multiple sclerosis: a preliminary study of selected variables affecting rehabilitation outcome Multiple Sclerosis, April 1, 1999; 5(2): 94 - 100. [Abstract] [PDF]
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M Spadaro, M A Amendolea, M G Mazzucconi, R Fantozzi, R Di Lello, P Zangari, and C Masala Autoimmunity in multiple sclerosis: study of a wide spectrum of autoantibodies Multiple Sclerosis, April 1, 1999; 5(2): 121 - 125. [Abstract] [PDF]
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P. Rudge The value of natural history studies of multiple sclerosis Brain, April 1, 1999; 122(4): 591 - 592. [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. A. Cottrell, M. Kremenchutzky, G. P. A. Rice, W. J. Koopman, W. Hader, J. Baskerville, and G. C. Ebers The natural history of multiple sclerosis:a geographically based study: 5. The clinical features and natural history of primary progressive multiple sclerosis Brain, April 1, 1999; 122(4): 625 - 639. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. Liu, S. Edwards, Q. Gong, N. Roberts, and L. D Blumhardt Three dimensional MRI estimates of brain and spinal cord atrophy in multiple sclerosis J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, March 1, 1999; 66(3): 323 - 330. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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V. L. Stevenson, D. H. Miller, M. Rovaris, F. Barkhof, B. Brochet, V. Dousset, V. Dousset, M. Filippi, X. Montalban, C. H. Polman, et al. Primary and transitional progressive MS: A clinical and MRI cross-sectional study Neurology, March 1, 1999; 52(4): 839 - 839. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C Liu and L D Blumhardt Assessing relapses in treatment trials of relapsing and remitting multiple sclerosis: can we do better? Multiple Sclerosis, February 1, 1999; 5(1): 022 - 27. [Abstract] [PDF]
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C. C. Whitacre Summary and Future Directions Multiple Sclerosis, December 1, 1998; 4(6): 516 - 518. [PDF]
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C. Liu, A. L. W. Po, and L. D Blumhardt "Summary measure" statistic for assessing the outcome of treatment trials in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, June 1, 1998; 64(6): 726 - 729. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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N Tubridy, H J Ader, F Barkhof, A J Thompson, and D H Miller Exploratory treatment trials in multiple sclerosis using MRI: sample size calculations for relapsing-remitting and secondary progressive subgroups using placebo controlled parallel groups J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, January 1, 1998; 64(1): 50 - 55. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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R. A. Rudick, J. A. Cohen, B. Weinstock-Guttman, R. P. Kinkel, and R. M. Ransohoff Management of Multiple Sclerosis N. Engl. J. Med., November 27, 1997; 337(22): 1604 - 1611. [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Ghezzi, V. Deplano, J. Faroni, M. Grasso, M. Liguori, G. Marrosu, C. Pozzilli, I. Simone, and M. Zaffaroni Multiple sclerosis in childhood: clinical features of 149 cases Multiple Sclerosis, February 1, 1997; 3(1): 43 - 46. [Abstract] [PDF]
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