Brain, Vol. 119, No. 1, 101-110, 1996
© 1996 Oxford University Press
research-article |
Deactivation of human visual cortex during involuntary ocular oscillations
A PET activation study
1Department of Nuclear Medicine, Technical University Berlin, Germany 2Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Berlin, Germany 3Department of Neurology, Technical University, Munich Berlin, Germany 4Department of Neurology, Charité, Humboldt-University Berlin, Germany 5Division of Nuclear Medicine, The University of Michigan Ann Arbor, USA
Correspondence to:
Peter Bartenstein, MD, Nuklearmedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik der Technischen Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675 München, Germany
Prompted by the observation of decreased glucose metabolism in the striate and the extrastriate visual cortex in a patient with opsoclonus, we studied the influence of involuntary eye movements on visual cortex activity. Repeated measurements of cerebral blood flow (CBF) by PET were performed in 12 healthy volunteers using a H215 O-bolus technique after ear canal irrigation, either with ice cold or warm (44°C) water with the subject's eyes closed. In addition to blood flow increases in areas involved in central vestibular processing, statistical subtraction analysis revealed a nearly symmetrical, bilateral, highly significant decrease in the occipital cortex covering Brodmann areas 17, 18 and 19 after ice water stimulation of either ears. Region of interest analysis revealed in all subjects a mean decrease in regional CBF (rCBF) of 12.8% (range 4.6–21.0%) in these areas. A similar but less pronounced effect (mean rCBF decrease in visual cortex 4.8%, range 1.1–11.5%) was observed after warm water irrigation. The observations suggest that deactivation of the visual cortex is induced by involuntary ocular oscillations. This deactivation is not dependent on changes of the retinal input (eyes closed). The physiological significance of this hitherto unknown phenomenon may be the protection from inadequate visual input (oscillopsia) during involuntary ocular oscillations.
vestibular system; PET; oscillopsia; visual cortex; CBF
Received June 5, 1995. Revised July 28, 1995. Accepted September 29, 1995.
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