Brain, Vol. 119, No. 2, 593-609, 1996
© 1996 Oxford University Press
research-article |
Action recognition in the premotor cortex
Istituto di Fisiologia Umana, Università di Parma Italy
Correspondence to:
Correspondence to: Giacomo Rizzolatti, Istituto di Fisiologia Umana dell’ Università di Parma, via Gramsci 14, 1-43100, Parma, Italy
We recorded electrical activity from 532 neurons in the rostral part of inferior area 6 (area F5) of two macaque monkeys. Previous data had shown that neurons of this area discharge during goal-directed hand and mouth movements. We describe here the properties of a newly discovered set of F5 neurons (‘mirror neurons’, n = 92) all of which became active both when the monkey performed a given action and when it observed a similar action performed by the experimenter. Mirror neurons, in order to be visually triggered, required an interaction between the agent of the action and the object of it. The sight of the agent alone or of the object alone (three-dimensional objects, food) were ineffective. Hand and the mouth were by far the most effective agents. The actions most represented among those activating mirror neurons were grasping, manipulating and placing. In most mirror neurons (92%) there was a clear relation between the visual action they responded to and the motor response they coded. In 
30% of mirror neurons the congruence was very strict and the effective observed and executed actions corresponded both in terms of general action (e.g. grasping) and in terms of the way in which that action was executed (e.g. precision grip). We conclude by proposing that mirror neurons form a system for matching observation and execution of motor actions. We discuss the possible role of this system in action recognition and, given the proposed homology between F5 and human Brocca’s region, we posit that a matching system, similar to that of mirror neurons exists in humans and could be involved in recognition of actions as well as phonetic gestures.
action encoding; visual responses; premotor cortex; macaque monkey
Received October 3, 1995. Accepted October 31, 1995.
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
Related articles in Brain:
- Action recognition in the premotor cortex. By Vittorio Gallese, Luciano Fadiga, Leonardo Fogassi and Giacomo Rizzolatti. Brain 1996: 119; 593–609.
- Alastair Compston
Brain 2009 132: 1685-1689.[Extract] [FREE Full Text]
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  L. Bonini, S. Rozzi, F. U. Serventi, L. Simone, P. F. Ferrari, and L. Fogassi Ventral Premotor and Inferior Parietal Cortices Make Distinct Contribution to Action Organization and Intention Understanding Cereb Cortex, October 5, 2009; (2009) bhp200v1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. Hagemann The advantage of being left-handed in interactive sports Atten Percept Psychophys, October 1, 2009; 71(7): 1641 - 1648. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 V. S. Ramachandran and D. Brang Sensations Evoked in Patients With Amputation From Watching an Individual Whose Corresponding Intact Limb Is Being Touched Arch Neurol, October 1, 2009; 66(10): 1281 - 1284. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Bien, A. Roebroeck, R. Goebel, and A. T. Sack The Brain's Intention to Imitate: The Neurobiology of Intentional versus Automatic Imitation Cereb Cortex, October 1, 2009; 19(10): 2338 - 2351. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. R. Arnott, A. Singhal, and M. A. Goodale An investigation of auditory contagious yawning Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci, September 1, 2009; 9(3): 335 - 342. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Heyes Evolution, development and intentional control of imitation Phil Trans R Soc B, August 27, 2009; 364(1528): 2293 - 2298. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. F. Ferrari, L. Bonini, and L. Fogassi From monkey mirror neurons to primate behaviours: possible 'direct' and 'indirect' pathways Phil Trans R Soc B, August 27, 2009; 364(1528): 2311 - 2323. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. S. Jones The development of imitation in infancy Phil Trans R Soc B, August 27, 2009; 364(1528): 2325 - 2335. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Brass, P. Ruby, and S. Spengler Inhibition of imitative behaviour and social cognition Phil Trans R Soc B, August 27, 2009; 364(1528): 2359 - 2367. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. A. C. J. Bastiaansen, M. Thioux, and C. Keysers Evidence for mirror systems in emotions Phil Trans R Soc B, August 27, 2009; 364(1528): 2391 - 2404. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. M. Kilner, A. Neal, N. Weiskopf, K. J. Friston, and C. D. Frith Evidence of Mirror Neurons in Human Inferior Frontal Gyrus J. Neurosci., August 12, 2009; 29(32): 10153 - 10159. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Ricciardi, D. Bonino, L. Sani, T. Vecchi, M. Guazzelli, J. V. Haxby, L. Fadiga, and P. Pietrini Do We Really Need Vision? How Blind People "See" the Actions of Others J. Neurosci., August 5, 2009; 29(31): 9719 - 9724. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H.-J. Freund Another way to understand Brain, July 1, 2009; 132(7): 1989 - 1992. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Fazio, A. Cantagallo, L. Craighero, A. D'Ausilio, A. C. Roy, T. Pozzo, F. Calzolari, E. Granieri, and L. Fadiga Encoding of human action in Broca's area Brain, July 1, 2009; 132(7): 1980 - 1988. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Lingnau, B. Gesierich, and A. Caramazza Asymmetric fMRI adaptation reveals no evidence for mirror neurons in humans PNAS, June 16, 2009; 106(24): 9925 - 9930. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. M. Vivona Leaping From Brain To Mind: a Critique of Mirror Neuron Explanations of Countertransference J Am Psychoanal Assoc, June 1, 2009; 57(3): 525 - 550. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Fridriksson, D. Moser, J. Ryalls, L. Bonilha, C. Rorden, and G. Baylis Modulation of Frontal Lobe Speech Areas Associated With the Production and Perception of Speech Movements J Speech Lang Hear Res, June 1, 2009; 52(3): 812 - 819. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. Gazzola and C. Keysers The Observation and Execution of Actions Share Motor and Somatosensory Voxels in all Tested Subjects: Single-Subject Analyses of Unsmoothed fMRI Data Cereb Cortex, June 1, 2009; 19(6): 1239 - 1255. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. K. Barbey, F. Krueger, and J. Grafman Structured event complexes in the medial prefrontal cortex support counterfactual representations for future planning Phil Trans R Soc B, May 12, 2009; 364(1521): 1291 - 1300. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. L Bannerman, M. Milders, B. de Gelder, and A. Sahraie Orienting to threat: faster localization of fearful facial expressions and body postures revealed by saccadic eye movements Proc R Soc B, May 7, 2009; 276(1662): 1635 - 1641. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Cattaneo and G. Rizzolatti The Mirror Neuron System Arch Neurol, May 1, 2009; 66(5): 557 - 560. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 V. Caggiano, L. Fogassi, G. Rizzolatti, P. Thier, and A. Casile Mirror Neurons Differentially Encode the Peripersonal and Extrapersonal Space of Monkeys Science, April 17, 2009; 324(5925): 403 - 406. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. M. Niedenthal and M. Maringer Embodied Emotion Considered Emotion Review, April 1, 2009; 1(2): 122 - 128. [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Hari and M. V. Kujala Brain Basis of Human Social Interaction: From Concepts to Brain Imaging Physiol Rev, April 1, 2009; 89(2): 453 - 479. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. N. Evangeliou, V. Raos, C. Galletti, and H. E. Savaki Functional Imaging of the Parietal Cortex during Action Execution and Observation Cereb Cortex, March 1, 2009; 19(3): 624 - 639. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Dinstein, J. L. Gardner, M. Jazayeri, and D. J. Heeger Executed and Observed Movements Have Different Distributed Representations in Human aIPS J. Neurosci., October 29, 2008; 28(44): 11231 - 11239. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Nakayama, T. Yamagata, J. Tanji, and E. Hoshi Transformation of a Virtual Action Plan into a Motor Plan in the Premotor Cortex J. Neurosci., October 8, 2008; 28(41): 10287 - 10297. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. S. MATTSON and L. R. FOURNIER An action sequence held in memory can interfere with response selection of a target stimulus, but does not interfere with response activation of noise stimuli Mem Cognit, October 1, 2008; 36(7): 1236 - 1247. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Zepf and S. Hartmann Some Thoughts on Empathy and Countertransference J Am Psychoanal Assoc, September 1, 2008; 56(3): 741 - 768. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. Gallese Empathy, Embodied Simulation, and the Brain: Commentary on Aragno and Zepf/Hartmann J Am Psychoanal Assoc, September 1, 2008; 56(3): 769 - 781. [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. T. Kaplan, L. Aziz-Zadeh, L. Q. Uddin, and M. Iacoboni The self across the senses: an fMRI study of self-face and self-voice recognition Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci, September 1, 2008; 3(3): 218 - 223. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Park, N. Matthews, and C. Gibson Imitation, Simulation, and Schizophrenia Schizophr Bull, July 1, 2008; 34(4): 698 - 707. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Knoblich and N. Sebanz Evolving intentions for social interaction: from entrainment to joint action Phil Trans R Soc B, June 12, 2008; 363(1499): 2021 - 2031. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Fabbri-Destro and G. Rizzolatti Mirror Neurons and Mirror Systems in Monkeys and Humans Physiology, June 1, 2008; 23(3): 171 - 179. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M.-P. Paladino and L. Castelli On the Immediate Consequences of Intergroup Categorization: Activation of Approach and Avoidance Motor Behavior Toward Ingroup and Outgroup Members Pers Soc Psychol Bull, June 1, 2008; 34(6): 755 - 768. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. Celnik, B. Webster, D. M. Glasser, and L. G. Cohen Effects of Action Observation on Physical Training After Stroke Stroke, June 1, 2008; 39(6): 1814 - 1820. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E B Caronna, J M Milunsky, and H Tager-Flusberg Autism spectrum disorders: clinical and research frontiers Arch. Dis. Child., June 1, 2008; 93(6): 518 - 523. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Schmidlin, T. Brochier, M. A. Maier, P. A. Kirkwood, and R. N. Lemon Pronounced Reduction of Digit Motor Responses Evoked from Macaque Ventral Premotor Cortex after Reversible Inactivation of the Primary Motor Cortex Hand Area J. Neurosci., May 28, 2008; 28(22): 5772 - 5783. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. F. de C. Hamilton and S. T. Grafton Action Outcomes Are Represented in Human Inferior Frontoparietal Cortex Cereb Cortex, May 1, 2008; 18(5): 1160 - 1168. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Pazzaglia, N. Smania, E. Corato, and S. M. Aglioti Neural Underpinnings of Gesture Discrimination in Patients with Limb Apraxia J. Neurosci., March 19, 2008; 28(12): 3030 - 3041. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. A. Umilta, L. Escola, I. Intskirveli, F. Grammont, M. Rochat, F. Caruana, A. Jezzini, V. Gallese, and G. Rizzolatti When pliers become fingers in the monkey motor system PNAS, February 12, 2008; 105(6): 2209 - 2213. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. A. Rocca, P. Tortorella, A. Ceccarelli, A. Falini, D. Tango, G. Scotti, G. Comi, and M. Filippi The "mirror-neuron system" in MS: A 3 tesla fMRI study Neurology, January 22, 2008; 70(4): 255 - 262. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Dayan, A. Casile, N. Levit-Binnun, M. A. Giese, T. Hendler, and T. Flash Neural representations of kinematic laws of motion: Evidence for action-perception coupling PNAS, December 18, 2007; 104(51): 20582 - 20587. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. Sahin, M. Cakmak, M. R. Dogar, E. Ugur, and G. Ucoluk To Afford or Not to Afford: A New Formalization of Affordances Toward Affordance-Based Robot Control Adaptive Behavior, December 1, 2007; 15(4): 447 - 472. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. Shmuelof and E. Zohary Watching Others' Actions: Mirror Representations in the Parietal Cortex Neuroscientist, December 1, 2007; 13(6): 667 - 672. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Tkach, J. Reimer, and N. G. Hatsopoulos Congruent Activity during Action and Action Observation in Motor Cortex J. Neurosci., November 28, 2007; 27(48): 13241 - 13250. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. Raos, M. N. Evangeliou, and H. E. Savaki Mental Simulation of Action in the Service of Action Perception J. Neurosci., November 14, 2007; 27(46): 12675 - 12683. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Bufalari, T. Aprile, A. Avenanti, F. Di Russo, and S. M. Aglioti Empathy for Pain and Touch in the Human Somatosensory Cortex Cereb Cortex, November 1, 2007; 17(11): 2553 - 2561. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Awad, J. E. Warren, S. K. Scott, F. E. Turkheimer, and R. J. S. Wise A Common System for the Comprehension and Production of Narrative Speech J. Neurosci., October 24, 2007; 27(43): 11455 - 11464. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. W. Nordahl, D. Dierker, I. Mostafavi, C. M. Schumann, S. M. Rivera, D. G. Amaral, and D. C. Van Essen Cortical Folding Abnormalities in Autism Revealed by Surface-Based Morphometry J. Neurosci., October 24, 2007; 27(43): 11725 - 11735. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 V. Saletti, S. Bulgheroni, L. D'Incerti, S. Franceschetti, B. Molteni, G. Airaghi, C. Pantaleoni, S. D'Arrigo, and D. Riva Verbal and Gestural Communication in Children With Bilateral Perisylvian Polymicrogyria J Child Neurol, September 1, 2007; 22(9): 1090 - 1098. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 I. Dinstein, U. Hasson, N. Rubin, and D. J. Heeger Brain Areas Selective for Both Observed and Executed Movements J Neurophysiol, September 1, 2007; 98(3): 1415 - 1427. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. P. Saygin Superior temporal and premotor brain areas necessary for biological motion perception Brain, September 1, 2007; 130(9): 2452 - 2461. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Petrosini "Do What I Do" and "Do How I Do": Different Components of Imitative Learning Are Mediated by Different Neural Structures Neuroscientist, August 1, 2007; 13(4): 335 - 348. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. A. Umilta, T. Brochier, R. L. Spinks, and R. N. Lemon Simultaneous Recording of Macaque Premotor and Primary Motor Cortex Neuronal Populations Reveals Different Functional Contributions to Visuomotor Grasp J Neurophysiol, July 1, 2007; 98(1): 488 - 501. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. J. Montgomery, N. Isenberg, and J. V. Haxby Communicative hand gestures and object-directed hand movements activated the mirror neuron system Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci, June 1, 2007; 2(2): 114 - 122. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Caetano, V. Jousmaki, and R. Hari From the Cover: Actor's and observer's primary motor cortices stabilize similarly after seen or heard motor actions PNAS, May 22, 2007; 104(21): 9058 - 9062. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. Gallese Before and below 'theory of mind': embodied simulation and the neural correlates of social cognition Phil Trans R Soc B, April 29, 2007; 362(1480): 659 - 669. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Tessari, N. Canessa, M. Ukmar, and R. I. Rumiati Neuropsychological evidence for a strategic control of multiple routes in imitation Brain, April 1, 2007; 130(4): 1111 - 1126. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. Gallese, M. N. Eagle, and P. Migone Intentional Attunement: Mirror Neurons and the Neural Underpinnings of Interpersonal Relations J Am Psychoanal Assoc, March 1, 2007; 55(1): 131 - 175. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. T. Devlin and K. E. Watkins Stimulating language: insights from TMS Brain, March 1, 2007; 130(3): 610 - 622. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Lahav, E. Saltzman, and G. Schlaug Action Representation of Sound: Audiomotor Recognition Network While Listening to Newly Acquired Actions J. Neurosci., January 10, 2007; 27(2): 308 - 314. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. H. Frey and V. E. Gerry Modulation of Neural Activity during Observational Learning of Actions and Their Sequential Orders J. Neurosci., December 20, 2006; 26(51): 13194 - 13201. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. E. Warren, D. A. Sauter, F. Eisner, J. Wiland, M. A. Dresner, R. J. S. Wise, S. Rosen, and S. K. Scott Positive Emotions Preferentially Engage an Auditory-Motor "Mirror" System J. Neurosci., December 13, 2006; 26(50): 13067 - 13075. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Molnar-Szakacs and K. Overy Music and mirror neurons: from motion to 'e'motion Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci, December 1, 2006; 1(3): 235 - 241. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Canli, M. Qiu, K. Omura, E. Congdon, B. W. Haas, Z. Amin, M. J. Herrmann, R. T. Constable, and K. P. Lesch Neural correlates of epigenesis PNAS, October 24, 2006; 103(43): 16033 - 16038. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Rozzi, R. Calzavara, A. Belmalih, E. Borra, G. G. Gregoriou, M. Matelli, and G. Luppino Cortical Connections of the Inferior Parietal Cortical Convexity of the Macaque Monkey Cereb Cortex, October 1, 2006; 16(10): 1389 - 1417. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Shmuelof and E. Zohary A mirror representation of others' actions in the human anterior parietal cortex. J. Neurosci., September 20, 2006; 26(38): 9736 - 9742. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Rotman, N. F. Troje, R. S. Johansson, and J. R. Flanagan Eye Movements When Observing Predictable and Unpredictable Actions J Neurophysiol, September 1, 2006; 96(3): 1358 - 1369. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. M. Kilner, J. L. Marchant, and C. D. Frith Modulation of the mirror system by social relevance Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci, September 1, 2006; 1(2): 143 - 148. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Hadjikhani, R. M. Joseph, J. Snyder, and H. Tager-Flusberg Anatomical Differences in the Mirror Neuron System and Social Cognition Network in Autism Cereb Cortex, September 1, 2006; 16(9): 1276 - 1282. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Pulvermuller and O. Hauk Category-specific Conceptual Processing of Color and Form in Left Fronto-temporal Cortex Cereb Cortex, August 1, 2006; 16(8): 1193 - 1201. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. R. Lametti and A. A. G. Mattar Mirror Neurons and the Lateralization of Human Language J. Neurosci., June 21, 2006; 26(25): 6666 - 6667. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Goldenberg and H.-O. Karnath The neural basis of imitation is body part specific. J. Neurosci., June 7, 2006; 26(23): 6282 - 6287. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. A. Chouinard and T. Paus The Primary Motor and Premotor Areas of the Human Cerebral Cortex Neuroscientist, April 1, 2006; 12(2): 143 - 152. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Aziz-Zadeh, L. Koski, E. Zaidel, J. Mazziotta, and M. Iacoboni Lateralization of the human mirror neuron system. J. Neurosci., March 15, 2006; 26(11): 2964 - 2970. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. Gallese Mirror Neurons and Intentional Attunement: Commentary On Olds J Am Psychoanal Assoc, March 1, 2006; 54(1): 47 - 57. [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. van Eck, H. L. De Jong, and M. K. D. Schouten Evaluating New Wave Reductionism: The Case of Vision Brit J Philos Sci, March 1, 2006; 57(1): 167 - 196. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. Raos, M.-A. Umilta, A. Murata, L. Fogassi, and V. Gallese Functional Properties of Grasping-Related Neurons in the Ventral Premotor Area F5 of the Macaque Monkey J Neurophysiol, February 1, 2006; 95(2): 709 - 729. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. F. d. C. Hamilton and S. T. Grafton Goal Representation in Human Anterior Intraparietal Sulcus J. Neurosci., January 25, 2006; 26(4): 1133 - 1137. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. A. Pelphrey, J. P. Morris, C. R. Michelich, T. Allison, and G. McCarthy Functional Anatomy of Biological Motion Perception in Posterior Temporal Cortex: An fMRI Study of Eye, Mouth and Hand Movements Cereb Cortex, December 1, 2005; 15(12): 1866 - 1876. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Costantini, G. Galati, A. Ferretti, M. Caulo, A. Tartaro, G. L. Romani, and S. M. Aglioti Neural Systems Underlying Observation of Humanly Impossible Movements: An fMRI Study Cereb Cortex, November 1, 2005; 15(11): 1761 - 1767. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Nelissen, G. Luppino, W. Vanduffel, G. Rizzolatti, and G. A Orban Observing Others: Multiple Action Representation in the Frontal Lobe Science, October 14, 2005; 310(5746): 332 - 336. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Stefan, L. G. Cohen, J. Duque, R. Mazzocchio, P. Celnik, L. Sawaki, L. Ungerleider, and J. Classen Formation of a Motor Memory by Action Observation J. Neurosci., October 12, 2005; 25(41): 9339 - 9346. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Agam, D. Bullock, and R. Sekuler Imitating Unfamiliar Sequences of Connected Linear Motions J Neurophysiol, October 1, 2005; 94(4): 2832 - 2843. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Barrett and P. Henzi The social nature of primate cognition Proc R Soc B, September 22, 2005; 272(1575): 1865 - 1875. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Calvo-Merino, D.E. Glaser, J. Grezes, R.E. Passingham, and P. Haggard Action Observation and Acquired Motor Skills: An fMRI Study with Expert Dancers Cereb Cortex, August 1, 2005; 15(8): 1243 - 1249. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Molnar-Szakacs, M. Iacoboni, L. Koski, and J. C. Mazziotta Functional Segregation within Pars Opercularis of the Inferior Frontal Gyrus: Evidence from fMRI Studies of Imitation and Action Observation Cereb Cortex, July 1, 2005; 15(7): 986 - 994. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|