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Brain, Vol. 119, No. 3, 815-822, 1996
© 1996 Guarantors of Brain

research-article

Effects of magnetic stimulation over supplementary motor area on movement in Parkinson's disease

Ross Cunnington1,3,, Robert Iansek1, Gary W. Thickbroom2, Bev A. Laing2, Frank L. Mastaglia2, John L. Bradshaw3 and Jim G. Phillips3

1Geriatric Research Unit, Kingston Centre, Cheltenham Victoria, Australia 2The Australian Neuromuscular research Institute, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre Nedlands, Australia 3Department of Psychology, Monash University Clayton Victoria, Australia

Correspondence to: Correspondence to: Ross Cunnington, Department of Psycology, Monash University, Clayton 3168, Victoria, Australia

Movement execution can be delayed by transcranial magnetic stimulation delivered over primary motor cortical areas, resulting in transient inhibition of cortico-motor output. Inhibition or disruption of higher-order motor planning and preparatory processes, such as are through to occur in the supplementary motor area (SMA), would allow an examination of processes at other stages of the motor control system. In this study, six subjects with Parkinson's disease and six healthy control subjects performed a non-cued sequential finger movement task. At various times relative to movement, high-intensity single-pulse magnetic stimulation was delivered over the region of the SMA, with minimal current spread to primary motor areas. When magnetic stimulation was given at early stages during the movement for parkinsonian subjects, movement times were significantly increased, indicating disrupted movements. Supplementary motor area stimulation had no effect when delivered during later stages of the movement or immediately prior ot movement onset, and had no apparent effect on contorl subjects at any time. It is therefore suggested that the SMA is important in motor planning and preparatory processes, since SMA stimulation has no effect on movements in their later stages when planning may be complete, but may disrupt movements in their early stages, when planning may be complete, but may idsrupt movements in their early stages, when preparation for later stages may still be in progress. Further, possible instability of motor planning/preparation processes in Parkinson's disease is suggested, since these processes appeared more susceptible to disruption by magnetic stimulation in parkinsonian subjects than controls.

magnetic stimulation; supplementary motor area; movement time; Parkinson's disease

Received November 27, 1995. Accepted January 25, 1996.


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