Brain, Vol. 119, No. 5, 1633-1645, 1996
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research-article |
Executive and mnemonic functions in early Huntington's disease
1Departments of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge Cambridge 2Departments of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge Cambridge 3Departments of Neurology, University of Cambridge Cambridge 4MRC Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge Cambridge 5Department of Clinical Neurology, Institute of Neurology, University of London London, UK
Correspondence to:
Dr Barbara J. Sahakian. Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine. Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
Eighteen patients with early Huntington's disease were compared with age- and IQ-matched control volunteers on tests of executive and mnemonic function taken from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery. Tests of pattern and spatial recognition memory, spatial span, spatial working memory, spatial planning and visual discrimination learning/attentional set shifting were employed. These tests have previously been found to be sensitive to the later stages of Huntington's disease. Patients with early Huntington's disease were found to have a wide range of cognitive impairments encompassing both visuospatial memory and executive functions, a pattern distinct from those seen in other basal ganglia disorders. In contrast to patients with more advanced Huntington's disease, early Huntington's disease patients were not impaired at simple reversal learning, but were impaired at performing an extradimensional shift (EDS). The results will be discussed in relation to the hypothesized neuropathological staging of Huntington's disease and to the anatomical connectivity of the striatum.
Huntington's disease; striatum; subcortical dementia; executive functions; memory
Received January 18, 1996. Revised February 28, 1996. Accepted May 13, 1996.
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