Brain, Vol 120, Issue 1 123-140, Copyright © 1997 by Oxford University Press
E Hazeltine, ST Grafton and R Ivry
PET revealed the effects of stimulus characteristics on the neural
substrate of motor learning. Right-handed subjects performed a serial
reaction time task with colour-coded stimuli to eliminate the potential for
learned eye-movements. The task was performed with the right hand under two
different conditions. In one condition, subjects simultaneously performed a
distractor task. Although they did show behavioural evidence of learning,
they were not explicitly aware of the stimulus-response sequence. In the
second condition, there was no distractor task, and seven out of the 11
subjects then became explicitly aware of the stimulus sequence. Metabolic
correlates of learning were distinct in the two conditions. When learning
was implicit under dual-task conditions, learning-related changes were
observed in left motor and supplementary motor cortex as well as in the
putamen. These regions are similar to those observed in a previous study in
which the stimuli were cued by spatial position. Under single- task
conditions, metabolic changes were found in the right prefrontal cortex and
premotor cortex, as well as in the temporal lobe. A similar shift to the
right hemisphere was observed in the spatial study during single-task
learning. However, explicit learning of the task with colour stimuli
activated more ventral regions. The areas supporting motor-sequence
learning are contingent on both stimulus properties and attentional
constraints.
ARTICLES
Attention and stimulus characteristics determine the locus of motor- sequence encoding. A PET study
Department of Psychology, University of California at Berkeley, USA.
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