Brain, Vol 120, Issue 1 141-157, Copyright © 1997 by Oxford University Press
TA Yousry, UD Schmid, H Alkadhi, D Schmidt, A Peraud, A Buettner and P Winkler
Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) we have evaluated the
anatomical location of the motor hand area. The segment of the precentral
gyrus that most often contained motor hand function was a knob-like
structure, that is shaped like an omega or epsilon in the axial plane and
like a hook in the sagittal plane. On the cortical surface of cadaver
specimens this precentral knob corresponded precisely to the characteristic
'middle knee' of the central sulcus that has been described by various
anatomists in the last century. We were then able to show that this knob is
a reliable landmark for identifying the precentral gyrus directly. We
therefore conclude that neural elements involved in motor hand function are
located in a characteristic 'precentral knob' which is a reliable landmark
for identifying the precentral gyrus under normal and pathological
conditions. It faces and forms the 'middle knee' of the central sulcus, is
located just at the cross point between the precentral sulcus and the
central sulcus, and is therefore also visible on the cortical surface.
ARTICLES
Localization of the motor hand area to a knob on the precentral gyrus. A new landmark
Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany.
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C. A. Porro, P. Baraldi, G. Pagnoni, M. Serafini, P. Facchin, M. Maieron, and P. Nichelli Does Anticipation of Pain Affect Cortical Nociceptive Systems? J. Neurosci., April 15, 2002; 22(8): 3206 - 3214. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 G.-J. M. Rutten, N. F. Ramsey, P. C. Van Rijen, H. Franssen, and C. W. M. Van Veelen Interhemispheric Reorganization of Motor Hand Function to the Primary Motor Cortex Predicted With Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation J Child Neurol, April 1, 2002; 17(4): 292 - 297. [Abstract] [PDF]
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T. Oga, M. Honda, K. Toma, N. Murase, T. Okada, T. Hanakawa, N. Sawamoto, T. Nagamine, J. Konishi, H. Fukuyama, et al. Abnormal cortical mechanisms of voluntary muscle relaxation in patients with writer's cramp: an fMRI study Brain, April 1, 2002; 125(4): 895 - 903. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. S. Kim, J. P. Chung, and S. W. Ha Isolated weakness of index finger due to small cortical infarction Neurology, March 26, 2002; 58(6): 985 - 985. [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. J. Mikulis, M. T. Jurkiewicz, W. E. McIlroy, W. R. Staines, L. Rickards, S. Kalsi-Ryan, A. P. Crawley, M. G. Fehlings, and M. C. Verrier Adaptation in the motor cortex following cervical spinal cord injury Neurology, March 12, 2002; 58(5): 794 - 801. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. Krings, R. Topper, K. Willmes, M. H.T. Reinges, J. M. Gilsbach, and A. Thron Activation in primary and secondary motor areas in patients with CNS neoplasms and weakness Neurology, February 12, 2002; 58(3): 381 - 390. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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H Reddy, D Bendahan, M A Lee, H Johansen-Berg, M Donaghy, D Hilton-Jones, and P M Matthews An expanded cortical representation for hand movement after peripheral motor denervation J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, February 1, 2002; 72(2): 203 - 210. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Gass, K. Szabo, S. Behrens, C. Rossmanith, and M. Hennerici A diffusion-weighted MRI study of acute ischemic distal arm paresis Neurology, November 13, 2001; 57(9): 1589 - 1594. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. Rademacher, U. Burgel, S. Geyer, T. Schormann, A. Schleicher, H.-J. Freund, and K. Zilles Variability and asymmetry in the human precentral motor system: A cytoarchitectonic and myeloarchitectonic brain mapping study Brain, November 1, 2001; 124(11): 2232 - 2258. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. Back, M. Mrowka, and M. Germany Infarction of the ""hand knob"" area Neurology, September 25, 2001; 57(6): 1143 - 1143. [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. S. Kim Predominant involvement of a particular group of fingers due to small, cortical infarction Neurology, June 26, 2001; 56(12): 1677 - 1682. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T Krings, M H T Reinges, S Erberich, S Kemeny, V Rohde, U Spetzger, M Korinth, K Willmes, J M Gilsbach, and A Thron Functional MRI for presurgical planning: problems, artefacts, and solution strategies J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, June 1, 2001; 70(6): 749 - 760. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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P. Vuilleumier, C. Chicherio, F. Assal, S. Schwartz, D. Slosman, and T. Landis Functional neuroanatomical correlates of hysterical sensorimotor loss Brain, June 1, 2001; 124(6): 1077 - 1090. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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K. Noda, H. Miwa, N. Miyashita, S. Tanaka, and Y. Mizuno Monoataxia of upper extremity in motor cortical infarction Neurology, May 22, 2001; 56(10): 1418 - 1419. [Full Text] [PDF]
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