Brain, Vol 120, Issue 10 1793-1803, Copyright © 1997 by Oxford University Press
R Campbell, J Zihl, D Massaro, K Munhall and MM Cohen
Patient L.M. has a well-documented, long-standing and profound deficit in
the perception of visual movement, following bilateral lesions of area V5
(visual movement cortex). Speechreading was explored in this patient in
order to clarify the extent to which the extraction of dynamic information
from facial actions is necessary for speechreading. Since L.M. is able to
identify biological motion from point-light displays to whole-body forms
and has some limited visual motion capabilities, we expected that some
speechreading of faces in action would be possible in this patient. L.M.'s
reading of natural speech was severely impaired, despite unimpaired ability
to recognize speech- patterns from face photographs and reasonable
identification of monosyllables produced in isolation. She was unable to
track multisyllabic utterances reliably and was insensitive to vision when
incongruent audiovisual speech syllables were shown. Point-light displays
of speech were as poorly read as whole face displays. Rate of presentation
was critical to her performance. With speech, as with other visual events,
including tracking the direction of gaze and of hand-movement sequences,
she could report actions that unfolded slowly (approximately one event per
2 s). In line with this, she was poor at reporting whether seen speech rate
was normal, fast (double-speed) or slow (half-speed). L.M.'s debility is
the converse of that reported for a patient with lesions primarily to V4
(H.J.A.), who is unable to speechread photographs of faces but can
speechread moving faces. The visual analysis of both form and motion is
required for speechreading; the neural systems that support these analyses
are discussed.
ARTICLES
Speechreading in the akinetopsic patient, L.M
Department of Human Communication Science, University College London, UK.
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