Brain, Vol 121, Issue 10 1919-1935, Copyright © 1998 by Oxford University Press
A Mecklinger, DY von Cramon and G Matthes-von Cramon
Transient global ischaemia due to cardiac arrest may lead to profound
neuropsychological disorders. Recent research indicates that memory
processes are particularly impaired after hypoxic brain injury. Visual
recognition memory functions were examined in these patients by means of
event-related potential (ERP) and performance data. Eight chronic hypoxic
patients, matched with controls for sex and age, performed a visual
recognition memory task requiring recognition judgements for either object
forms or spatial locations and a visual classification (i.e. oddball) task
that imposed negligible memory demands. Reliable P300 oddball effects were
obtained both for patients and for controls, whereas the two groups
differed in P300 latency and P300 scalp topography. In the memory task,
old/new effects (i.e. larger ERP waveforms for previously studied than for
unstudied items) were found for the controls. In contrast, in patients
these old/new effects were absent or even inverted in polarity while
recognition performance was well above chance level, except for one
patient. These results suggest that recognition, based on the retrieval of
an item's study episode, is degraded in patients who have suffered a period
of transient global ischaemia. In the light of the patients' above-chance
level of recognition performance and the outcome of post hoc analysis of
practice-related changes in recognition performance, it is argued that the
patients' memory disorders are best characterized as a degradation of
explicit memory functions such as episodic retrieval of a study episode.
Implicit functions such as cognitive skill learning were intact.
ARTICLES
Event-related potential evidence for a specific recognition memory deficit in adult survivors of cerebral hypoxia
Max Planck Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Leipzig, Germany. meckling@cns.mpg.de
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