Brain, Vol 121, Issue 4 633-646, Copyright © 1998 by Oxford University Press
P Garrard, K Patterson, PC Watson and JR Hodges
In the context of focal brain injury, selective loss of semantic knowledge
in the domain of either natural kinds or artefacts is usually considered to
reflect the differential importance of temporal and frontoparietal regions
to the representations of perceptual and functional attributes,
respectively. It is harder to account far as a feature of a more diffuse
process, and previous cross-sectional analyses of patients with dementia of
Alzheimer's type (DAT) have differed over whether category effects occur.
In our series of 58 patients with probable DAT, we demonstrated a
significant group advantage for artefacts, and explored possible reasons
for the inconsistency of this finding in other studies. A multiple
single-case strategy revealed not only individuals with consistent
advantages for artefacts but also individuals with consistent advantages
for natural kinds. By ranking the individuals according to measures of
naming performance and global intellectual ability, we showed that the
strength of the group advantage for artefacts was dependent on the former
but not the latter variable. The findings are discussed in the context of
two competing theories of semantic breakdown in DAT. One differentiates
between domains of knowledge in terms of the structure of semantic
representations within a single distributed network; the other emphasizes
the importance of different brain regions in the category distinction. We
conclude that our findings are in keeping with the predictions of the
latter hypothesis.
ARTICLES
Category specific semantic loss in dementia of Alzheimer's type. Functional-anatomical correlations from cross-sectional analyses
University Neurology Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
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