Brain, Vol 121, Issue 5 785-799, Copyright © 1998 by Oxford University Press
ND Schluter, MF Rushworth, RE Passingham and KR Mills
It is known that damage to the left hemisphere can lead to movement
deficits, and that patients with apraxia have difficulty in selecting
movements. Neurophysiological recording studies and lesion studies have
shown that the premotor cortex is important for the selection of movements
in monkeys. In this study we used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
to disrupt the processing in human premotor cortex. We applied TMS to
normal healthy volunteers over the premotor and primary motor areas while
they carried out choice reaction time and simple reaction-time tasks. We
measured response times of either hand as subjects were stimulated over the
left and right hemisphere separately. We found that we were able to delay
responses by stimulating at short cue-stimulus intervals (100-140 ms) over
premotor cortex and at longer cue-stimulus intervals (300-340 ms) over
primary motor cortex while subjects performed the choice reaction-time task
with the contralateral hand. We were also able to delay responses with the
ipsilateral hand while stimulating over the left premotor cortex, but not
while stimulating over the right premotor cortex or either sensorimotor
cortex. Premotor cortex stimulation alone disrupts an early stage of
movement selection; motor cortex stimulation disrupts the movements at a
later stage of execution. There was no distinguishing short cue-stimulus
interval effect when premotor cortex was stimulated in the simple reaction
time paradigm, where the movement selection demands of the task are kept to
a minimum. We conclude that the premotor cortex is important for selecting
movements after a visual cue and that the left hemisphere is dominant for
the rapid selection of action.
ARTICLES
Temporary interference in human lateral premotor cortex suggests dominance for the selection of movements. A study using transcranial magnetic stimulation
Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, UK.
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