Brain, Vol 121, Issue 6 1143-1154, Copyright © 1998 by Oxford University Press
DH Zald, JT Lee, KW Fluegel and JV Pardo
Animal studies implicate the amygdala and its connections in the
recognition of aversive stimuli. A recent PET study demonstrated that the
human amygdala and left orbitofrontal cortex show substantial increases in
regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) during exposure to aversive odourants.
To examine if aversive gustatory stimuli similarly activate these regions,
nine healthy women tasted an aversive saline solution, pure water and
chocolate while rCBF was measured with PET. The aversive saline condition,
when contrasted with the water condition, increased activity in the right
amygdala, left anterior orbitofrontal cortex, medial thalamus, pregenual
and dorsal anterior cingulate, and the right hippocampus. The right
amygdala, left orbitofrontal cortex and pregenual cingulate remained
significantly activated when saline was compared with chocolate. The
present results indicate that the amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex respond
to aversive stimuli in both the olfactory and gustatory modalities, and
highlight the role of the pregenual cingulate in negative emotional
processing.
ARTICLES
Aversive gustatory stimulation activates limbic circuits in humans
Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, MN 55417, USA.
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