Brain, Vol 121, Issue 7 1249-1256, Copyright © 1998 by Oxford University Press
PC Fletcher, T Shallice, CD Frith, RS Frackowiak and RJ Dolan
Functional neuroimaging studies of memory retrieval show consistent
activation of the right prefrontal and superior parietal cortex. We
examined the specific role of the prefrontal cortex during retrieval with
the hypothesis that this region mediates monitoring processes necessary for
optimal recall. During functional neuroimaging with PET, subjects retrieved
verbal material under two conditions. In the first, an organizational
structure had been provided, prior to scanning, and this formed the basis
for a monitored memory search while the scan took place. A comparison
condition did not require a monitored search because recall was externally
cued. In both conditions, when compared with baseline tasks prefrontal
cortex and medial parietal activation was observed. Within the right
prefrontal cortex activation an anatomical dissociation was seen between
the dorsal and ventral prefrontal cortex. The dorsal region showed greater
activation when monitoring demands were emphasized, while the ventral
region showed greater activation when external cueing was emphasized. An
unpredicted dissociation within the superior parietal activation was also
observed, a dorsal region showing activation during the monitored search
task and a more ventral region showing activation under the externally cued
condition. The results provide evidence for functional specialization of
the right prefrontal cortex for discrete cognitive processes during
episodic memory retrieval.
ARTICLES
The functional roles of prefrontal cortex in episodic memory. II. Retrieval
Wellcome Department of Cognitive Neurology, Institute of Neurology, London, UK. p.fletch@fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk
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