Brain, Vol. 122, No. 5, 915-931,
May 1999
© 1999 Oxford University Press
Cognitive motor control in human pre-supplementary motor area studied by subdural recording of discrimination/selection-related potentials
1 Departments of Brain Pathophysiology, 2 Neurosurgery and 3 Neurology, Kyoto University School of Medicine,Kyoto, Japan
Correspondence to:
Akio Ikeda MD, Department of Brain Pathophysiology, Kyoto University School of Medicine, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, 606, Japan E-mail: akio{at}kuhp.kyoto-u.ac.jp
To clarify the functional role of human pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA) in `cognitive' motor control as compared with other non-primary motor cortices (SMA-proper and lateral premotor areas) and prefrontal area, we recorded epicortical field potentials by using subdural electrodes in five epileptic patients during presurgical evaluation, whose pre-SMA, SMA-proper, prefrontal and lateral premotor areas were defined by electric cortical stimulation and recent anatomical orientations according to the bicommissural plane and callosal grid system. An S1-Go/NoGo choice and delayed reaction task (S1-choice paradigm) and a warned choice Go/NoGo reaction task (S2-choice paradigm) with inter-stimulus intervals of 2 s were employed. The results showed (i) transient potentials with onset and peak latencies of about 200 and 600 ms, respectively, after S1 in the S1-choice paradigm mainly at pre-SMA and to a lesser degree at the prefrontal and lateral premotor areas, but not in the S2-choice paradigm. At SMA-proper, a similar but much smaller potential was seen after S1 in both S1- and S2-choice paradigms and (ii) slow sustained potentials between S1 and S2 in both S1- and S2-choice paradigms in all of the non-primary motor areas investigated (pre-SMA, SMA-proper and lateral premotor areas) and prefrontal area. It is concluded that pre-SMA plays a more important role in cognitive motor control which involves sensory discrimination and decision making or motor selection for the action after stimuli, whereas SMA-proper is one of the main generators of Bereitschaftspotential preceding self-paced, voluntary movements. In the more general anticipation of and attention to the forthcoming stimuli, non-primary motor cortices including pre-SMA, SMA-proper and lateral premotor area, and the prefrontal area are commonly involved.
pre-SMA; selection; voluntary movements; subdural recording; choice paradigm
BP = Bereitschaftspotential; CNV = contingent negative variation; SEP = somatosensory evoked potential; SMA = supplementary motor area
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