Brain, Vol. 123, No. 6, 1216-1228,
June 2000
© 2000 Oxford University Press
Self-initiated versus externally triggered movements
II. The effect of movement predictability on regional cerebral blood flow
1 MRC Cyclotron Unit, Hammersmith Hospital, 2 Institute of Neurology, 3 MRC Human Movement and Balance Unit, London and 4 Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Correspondence to:
Dr I. H. Jenkins, MRC Cyclotron Unit, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0HS, UK E-mail: harri{at}cu.rpms.ac.uk
Event-related potential studies in man suggest a role for the supplementary motor area (SMA) in movement preparation, particularly when movements are internally generated. In a previous study combining PET with recording of movement-related cortical potentials, we found similar SMA activation and early pre-movement negativity during self-initiated and predictably paced index finger extensions. Early pre-movement negativity was absent when finger movements were paced by unpredictable cues. We postulated that preparation preceding self-initiated and predictably cued movements was responsible for equivalent levels of SMA activation in these two conditions. To test this, we have performed further studies on six normal volunteers with H215O-PET. Twelve measurements of regional cerebral blood flow were made in each subject under three conditions: rest; self-initiated right index finger extension at a variable rate of once every 2–7 s; and finger extension triggered by pacing tones at unpredictable intervals (at a rate yoked to the self-initiated movements). Activation associated with these conditions was compared using analysis of covariance and t statistics. Compared with rest, unpredictably cued movements activated the contralateral primary sensorimotor cortex, caudal SMA and contralateral putamen. Self-initiated movements additionally activated rostral SMA, adjacent anterior cingulate cortex and bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Direct comparison of the two motor tasks confirmed significantly greater activation of these areas and of caudal SMA in the self-initiated condition. These results, combined with our previous data, suggest that rostral SMA plays a primary role in movement preparation while caudal SMA is a motor executive area. In this experiment and in our earlier study, DLPFC was activated only during the self-initiated task, in which decisions were required about the timing of movements.
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  S. B. Ostlund, N. E. Winterbauer, and B. W. Balleine Evidence of Action Sequence Chunking in Goal-Directed Instrumental Conditioning and Its Dependence on the Dorsomedial Prefrontal Cortex J. Neurosci., June 24, 2009; 29(25): 8280 - 8287. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. M. Fleming, R. B. Mars, T. E. Gladwin, and P. Haggard When the Brain Changes Its Mind: Flexibility of Action Selection in Instructed and Free Choices Cereb Cortex, February 11, 2009; (2009) bhn252v1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Vetrugno, M. Mascalchi, F. Chierichetti, R. Gallassi, M. Alessandria, L. Guerrini, A. Vella, G. Muscas, E. Lugaresi, and P. Montagna HYPOACTIVE-HYPOALERT BEHAVIOR ("PSYCHIC AKINESIA") IN INTRACRANIAL HYPOTENSION SYNDROME Neurology, October 28, 2008; 71(18): 1452 - 1454. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B Ballanger, P Baraduc, E Broussolle, D Le Bars, M Desmurget, and S Thobois Motor urgency is mediated by the contralateral cerebellum in Parkinson's disease J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, October 1, 2008; 79(10): 1110 - 1116. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Rowe, L. Hughes, D. Eckstein, and A.M. Owen Rule-Selection and Action-Selection have a Shared Neuroanatomical Basis in the Human Prefrontal and Parietal Cortex Cereb Cortex, October 1, 2008; 18(10): 2275 - 2285. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. C. J. Taylor, M. F. S. Rushworth, and A. C. Nobre Choosing Where to Attend and the Medial Frontal Cortex: An fMRI Study J Neurophysiol, September 1, 2008; 100(3): 1397 - 1406. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Kourtis, H. F. Kwok, N. Roach, A. M. Wing, and P. Praamstra Maintaining Grip: Anticipatory and Reactive EEG Responses to Load Perturbations J Neurophysiol, February 1, 2008; 99(2): 545 - 553. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Tanji and E. Hoshi Role of the Lateral Prefrontal Cortex in Executive Behavioral Control Physiol Rev, January 1, 2008; 88(1): 37 - 57. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Brass and P. Haggard To Do or Not to Do: The Neural Signature of Self-Control J. Neurosci., August 22, 2007; 27(34): 9141 - 9145. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Matsuzaka, N. Picard, and P. L. Strick Skill Representation in the Primary Motor Cortex After Long-Term Practice J Neurophysiol, February 1, 2007; 97(2): 1819 - 1832. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. B. Postuma and A. Dagher Basal Ganglia Functional Connectivity Based on a Meta-Analysis of 126 Positron Emission Tomography and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Publications Cereb Cortex, October 1, 2006; 16(10): 1508 - 1521. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Levy and B. Dubois Apathy and the Functional Anatomy of the Prefrontal Cortex-Basal Ganglia Circuits Cereb Cortex, July 1, 2006; 16(7): 916 - 928. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Fogelson, D. Williams, M. Tijssen, G. van Bruggen, H. Speelman, and P. Brown Different Functional Loops between Cerebral Cortex and the Subthalmic Area in Parkinson's Disease Cereb Cortex, January 1, 2006; 16(1): 64 - 75. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Buhmann, F. Binkofski, C. Klein, C. Buchel, T. van Eimeren, C. Erdmann, K. Hedrich, M. Kasten, J. Hagenah, G. Deuschl, et al. Motor reorganization in asymptomatic carriers of a single mutant Parkin allele: a human model for presymptomatic parkinsonism Brain, October 1, 2005; 128(10): 2281 - 2290. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Wu and M. Hallett A functional MRI study of automatic movements in patients with Parkinson's disease Brain, October 1, 2005; 128(10): 2250 - 2259. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. L. Moseley and S. C. Gandevia Sensory-motor incongruence and reports of 'pain' Rheumatology, September 1, 2005; 44(9): 1083 - 1085. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Volle, J.B. Pochon, S. Lehericy, B. Pillon, B. Dubois, and R. Levy Specific Cerebral Networks for Maintenance and Response Organization within Working Memory as Evidenced by the 'Double Delay/Double Response' Paradigm Cereb Cortex, July 1, 2005; 15(7): 1064 - 1074. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Garraux, C. McKinney, T. Wu, K. Kansaku, G. Nolte, and M. Hallett Shared Brain Areas But Not Functional Connections Controlling Movement Timing and Order J. Neurosci., June 1, 2005; 25(22): 5290 - 5297. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Delmaire, A. Krainik, S. Tezenas du Montcel, E. Gerardin, S. Meunier, J. -F. Mangin, S. Sangla, L. Garnero, M. Vidailhet, and S. Lehericy Disorganized somatotopy in the putamen of patients with focal hand dystonia Neurology, April 26, 2005; 64(8): 1391 - 1396. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Wu and M. Hallett The influence of normal human ageing on automatic movements J. Physiol., January 15, 2005; 562(2): 605 - 615. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Hoshi and J. Tanji Differential Roles of Neuronal Activity in the Supplementary and Presupplementary Motor Areas: From Information Retrieval to Motor Planning and Execution J Neurophysiol, December 1, 2004; 92(6): 3482 - 3499. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Lehericy, M. Ducros, A. Krainik, C. Francois, P.-F. Van de Moortele, K. Ugurbil, and D.-S. Kim 3-D Diffusion Tensor Axonal Tracking shows Distinct SMA and Pre-SMA Projections to the Human Striatum Cereb Cortex, December 1, 2004; 14(12): 1302 - 1309. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
O. Detante, L. Vercueil, S. Thobois, E. Broussolle, N. Costes, F. Lavenne, S. Chabardes, D. Lebars, M. Vidailhet, A.-L. Benabid, et al. Globus pallidus internus stimulation in primary generalized dystonia: a H215O PET study Brain, August 1, 2004; 127(8): 1899 - 1908. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Wu, K. Kansaku, and M. Hallett How Self-Initiated Memorized Movements Become Automatic: A Functional MRI Study J Neurophysiol, April 1, 2004; 91(4): 1690 - 1698. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. C. Lau, R. D. Rogers, P. Haggard, and R. E. Passingham Attention to Intention Science, February 20, 2004; 303(5661): 1208 - 1210. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. A. Mohamed, D. M. Yousem, A. Tekes, N. M. Browner, and V. D. Calhoun Timing of Cortical Activation: A Latency-Resolved Event-Related Functional MR Imaging Study AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol., November 1, 2003; 24(10): 1967 - 1974. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. E. Vaillancourt, K. R. Thulborn, and D. M. Corcos Neural Basis for the Processes That Underlie Visually Guided and Internally Guided Force Control in Humans J Neurophysiol, November 1, 2003; 90(5): 3330 - 3340. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Picard and P. L. Strick Activation of the Supplementary Motor Area (SMA) during Performance of Visually Guided Movements Cereb Cortex, September 1, 2003; 13(9): 977 - 986. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. H. Lee and J. A. Assad Putaminal Activity for Simple Reactions or Self-Timed Movements J Neurophysiol, May 1, 2003; 89(5): 2528 - 2537. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Taniwaki, A. Okayama, T. Yoshiura, Y. Nakamura, Y. Goto, J.-i. Kira, and S. Tobimatsu Reappraisal of the Motor Role of Basal Ganglia: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Image Study J. Neurosci., April 15, 2003; 23(8): 3432 - 3438. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P T Meyer, L Sturz, O Sabri, M Schreckenberger, U Spetzger, K S Setani, H-J Kaiser, and U Buell Preoperative motor system brain mapping using positron emission tomography and statistical parametric mapping: hints on cortical reorganisation J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, April 1, 2003; 74(4): 471 - 478. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Maquet, S. Schwartz, R. Passingham, and C. Frith Sleep-Related Consolidation of a Visuomotor Skill: Brain Mechanisms as Assessed by Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging J. Neurosci., February 15, 2003; 23(4): 1432 - 1440. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Escola, Th. Michelet, F. Macia, D. Guehl, B. Bioulac, and P. Burbaud Disruption of information processing in the supplementary motor area of the MPTP-treated monkey: A clue to the pathophysiology of akinesia? Brain, January 1, 2003; 126(1): 95 - 114. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Sakai, N. Ramnani, and R. E. Passingham Learning of Sequences of Finger Movements and Timing: Frontal Lobe and Action-Oriented Representation J Neurophysiol, October 1, 2002; 88(4): 2035 - 2046. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Coe, K. Tomihara, M. Matsuzawa, and O. Hikosaka Visual and Anticipatory Bias in Three Cortical Eye Fields of the Monkey during an Adaptive Decision-Making Task J. Neurosci., June 15, 2002; 22(12): 5081 - 5090. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M.A. Maier, J. Armand, P.A. Kirkwood, H.-W. Yang, J.N. Davis, and R.N. Lemon Differences in the Corticospinal Projection from Primary Motor Cortex and Supplementary Motor Area to Macaque Upper Limb Motoneurons: An Anatomical and Electrophysiological Study Cereb Cortex, March 1, 2002; 12(3): 281 - 296. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Rowe, K. E. Stephan, K. Friston, R. Frackowiak, A. Lees, and R. Passingham Attention to action in Parkinson's disease: Impaired effective connectivity among frontal cortical regions Brain, February 1, 2002; 125(2): 276 - 289. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Krainik, S. Lehericy, H. Duffau, M. Vlaicu, F. Poupon, L. Capelle, P. Cornu, S. Clemenceau, M. Sahel, C.-A. Valery, et al. Role of the supplementary motor area in motor deficit following medial frontal lobe surgery Neurology, September 11, 2001; 57(5): 871 - 878. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|