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Brain Advance Access originally published online on October 8, 2003
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Brain, Vol. 127, No. 1, 164-174, 2004
© 2004 Guarantors of Brain
doi: 10.1093/brain/awh014

Metabolic changes and electro-clinical patterns in mesio-temporal lobe epilepsy: a correlative study

Francine Chassoux1,2, Franck Semah2, Viviane Bouilleret2, Elisabeth Landre1, Bertrand Devaux1, Baris Turak1, François Nataf1 and François-Xavier Roux1

1 Department of Neurosurgery, Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Anne, Paris and 2 SHFJ, CEA, Orsay, France

Correspondence to: Francine Chassoux, MD, Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, 1 rue Cabanis, 75014 Paris, France E-mail: chassoux{at}chsa.broca.inserm.fr

Interictal hypometabolism is commonly found in mesio-temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE), but its pathophysiology remains incompletely understood. We hypothesized that metabolic changes reflect the preferential networks involved by ictal discharges. We analysed the topography of interictal hypometabolism according to electro-clinical patterns in 50 patients with unilateral hippocampal sclerosis (HS) and consistent features of MTLE. Based on electro-clinical correlations, we identified four groups: (i) mesial group (13 cases) characterized by mesial seizure onset without evidence of early spread beyond the temporal lobe; (ii) anterior mesio-lateral group (AML; 18 cases) with early anterior spread involving the anterior lateral temporal cortex and insulo-fronto-opercular areas; (iii) widespread mesio-lateral group (WML; 15 cases) with wide spread (involving both anterior and posterior lateral temporal and perisylvian areas); and (iv) bitemporal (BT) group (four cases) with early contralateral temporal spread. Results of [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose-PET imaging in each group were compared with those of 10 control subjects using statistical parametric mapping software (SPM99). MRI data and surgical outcome in each group were compared with metabolic findings. Hypometabolism was limited to hippocampal gyrus, temporal pole and insula in the mesial group. Gradual involvement of lateral temporal cortex, insula and perisylvian areas was observed in the AML and WML groups. The BT group differed from the others with mild bitemporal involvement, bilateral insular hypometabolism and longer epilepsy duration. MRI structural abnormalities outside of the mesial formations were detected in 65% of the cases. Neither the severity of HS nor temporal atrophy appeared related to the topography of hypometabolism. However, temporal hypometabolism was more extended when temporo-polar signal changes were detected. Among operated patients (n = 43), seizure-free outcome was obtained in 82%. Surgical outcome appeared more favourable in the mesial group. However, the difference between the four groups was not significant. Our results suggest that hypometabolism in MTLE may be related to ictal discharge generation and spread pathways, even if structural changes and epilepsy duration may also play a role.

Key Words: mesio-temporal lobe epilepsy; hippocampal sclerosis; EEG; cerebral metabolism; epilepsy surgery

Abbreviations: AML= anterior mesio-lateral; BT = bitemporal; [18F]FDG = fluorodeoxyglucose; FLAIR = fluid attenuation inversion recovery; HS = hippocampal sclerosis; MTLE = mesio-temporal lobe epilepsy; SEEG = stereo-electroencephalography; SPM = statistical parametric mapping; WML = widespread mesio-lateral

Received May 28, 2003. Revised July 9, 2003. Accepted August 11, 2003.


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