Brain Advance Access originally published online on October 27, 2004
Brain 2005 128(1):18-28; doi:10.1093/brain/awh328
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Brain Vol. 128 No. 1 © Guarantors of Brain 2004; all rights reserved
Axonal protection in experimental autoimmune neuritis by the sodium channel blocking agent flecainide
Department of Neuroimmunology, King's College, London, SE1 1UL, UK
Correspondence to: Professor Kenneth Smith, Department of Neuroimmunology, King's College, London, SE1 1UL, UK E-mail: kenneth.smith{at}kcl.ac.uk
Inflammatory demyelinating neuropathies such as Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN), are typically acute monophasic diseases of the PNS that can leave affected individuals with permanent disability due primarily to axonal degeneration. The mechanisms underlying the degeneration are not understood, but we have previously shown in vitro and in vivo that axons can degenerate when exposed to the inflammatory mediator nitric oxide, and that axons can be protected by application of the sodium channel-blocking agent, flecainide. Here we examine whether flecainide administration can similarly reduce axonal degeneration in the periphery in animals with EAN. EAN was induced in Lewis rats (n = 116, in three independent trials), and rats received either flecainide (Flec) (30 mg/kg/day) or vehicle (Veh) from the onset of disease expression. Flecainide administration significantly reduced the mean (SD) scores for neurological deficit at both the peak of disease (Flec: 5.7 (2.7), Veh: 8.0 (3.6), P < 0.001) and at the termination of the trials 25–29 days post-inoculation (Flec: 2.2 (2.4), Veh: 4.2 (4.2), P < 0.001). Histological examination of the tibial nerve of EAN animals revealed that flecainide provided significant protection against axonal degeneration so that 80.0% of the normal number of axons survived in flecainide-treated rats compared with 62.8% in vehicle-treated rats (P < 0.01). These findings may indicate a novel avenue for axonal protection in GBS and other inflammatory demyelinating neuropathies.
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