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Brain Advance Access originally published online on June 23, 2005
Brain 2005 128(10):2453-2461; doi:10.1093/brain/awh579
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© The Author (2005). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Guarantors of Brain. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Brain abnormalities underlying altered activation in dyslexia: a voxel based morphometry study

G. Silani1, U. Frith2, J.-F. Demonet3, F. Fazio4,5,6, D. Perani7, C. Price8, C. D. Frith8 and E. Paulesu1

1 Psychology Department, University Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy, 2 Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK, 3 INSERM U455, Hòpital Purpan, Toulouse, France, 4 Neuroscience and Biomedical Technologies Department, University Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy, 5 CNR—Istituto di Bioimmagini e Fisiologia Molecolare (IBFM), Milan, Italy, 6 Nuclear Medicine Department, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy, 7 Neuroscience Department, University Vita Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy and 8 Wellcome Department of Imaging Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, London, UK

Correspondence to: Prof. Eraldo Paulesu, Psychology Department, University Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell' Ateneo Nuovo 1, 20126 Milan, Italy E-mail: eraldo.paulesu{at}unimib.it

Voxel-based morphometry was used to assess the consistency among functional imaging and brain morphometry data in developmental dyslexia. Subjects, from three different cultural contexts (UK, France and Italy), were the same as those described in a previous PET activation paper, which revealed a common pattern of reduced activation during reading tasks in the left temporal and occipital lobes. We provide evidence that altered activation observed within the reading system is associated with altered density of grey and white matter of specific brain regions, such as the left middle and inferior temporal gyri and the left arcuate fasciculus. This supports the view that dyslexia is associated with both local grey matter dysfunction and with altered connectivity among phonological/reading areas. The differences were replicable across samples confirming that the neurological disorder underlying dyslexia is the same across the cultures investigated in the study.

Key Words: developmental dyslexia; MRI; PET; cultural context; phonological deficit; disconnection hypothesis; grey matter; white matter

Abbreviations: VBM = voxel-based morphometry

Received October 17, 2004. Revised May 20, 2005. Accepted May 24, 2005.


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