Brain Advance Access originally published online on February 10, 2005
Brain 2005 128(4):797-810; doi:10.1093/brain/awh423
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New insights into the anatomo-functional connectivity of the semantic system: a study using cortico-subcortical electrostimulations
Departments of 1 Neurosurgery and 2 Neurology, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, 47–83 Bd de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris, Cedex 13, 3 Department of Neurosurgery, Hôpital Maison Blanche, Reims and 4 UMR 6194 CNRS, CEA Universités de Caen et Paris 5, GIP Cyceron BP 5222, Bld Henri Becquerel, 14074 Caen Cedex, France
Correspondence to: Hugues Duffau, MD, PhD, Department of Neurosurgery U 678, Hôpital Salpêtrière, 47–83 Bd de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris, Cedex 13, France E-mail: hugues.duffau{at}psl.ap-hop-paris.fr
Despite a better understanding of the organization of the cortical network underlying the semantic system, very few data are currently available regarding its anatomo-functional connectivity. Here, we report on a series of 17 patients operated on under local anaesthesia for a cerebral low-grade glioma located within the dominant hemisphere. Prior to and during resection, intraoperative electrical stimulation was used to map sensorimotor and language structures so that permanent neurological deficits could be avoided. In a number of cases, cortical and subcortical stimulation caused semantic paraphasias. Using postoperative MRI, we correlated these functional findings with the anatomical locations of the sites where semantic errors were elicited by stimulation, especially at the subcortical level, with the aim of studying the connectivity underlying the semantic system. In temporal gliomas, cortical sites involved in semantic processing were found around the posterior part of the superior temporal sulcus, with subcortical pathways reproducibly located under the depth of this sulcus. In insular gliomas, although stimulation elicited no semantic disturbances at the cortical level, such semantic paraphasias were generated at the level of the anterior floor of the external capsule. In frontal tumours, cortical regions implicated in semantics were detected in the lateral orbitofrontal region and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, with subcortical fibres located under the inferior frontal sulcus. All these eloquent structures were systematically preserved, thereby avoiding permanent postoperative deficits. Our results provide arguments in favour of the existence of a main ventral subcortical pathway underlying the semantic system, within the dominant hemisphere, joining the two essential cortical epicentres of this network: the posterior and superior temporal areas, and the orbitofrontal and dorsolateral prefontal regions. Such a ventral stream might anatomically partly correspond to the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus.
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