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Brain Advance Access originally published online on May 19, 2006
Brain 2006 129(7):1768-1779; doi:10.1093/brain/awl115
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© The Author (2006). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Guarantors of Brain. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Exploring the recognition memory deficit in Parkinson's disease: estimates of recollection versus familiarity

Patrick S. R. Davidson1, David Anaki1, Jean A. Saint-Cyr2,3, Tiffany W. Chow1,4 and Morris Moscovitch1,3

1 The Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care Toronto, Ontario, Canada 2 Toronto Western Research Institute Toronto Western Hospital Toronto, Ontario, Canada 3 Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario, Canada 4 Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Correspondence to: Patrick Davidson, The Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M6A 2E1 E-mail: pdavidson{at}rotman-baycrest.on.ca

Current theories postulate that recognition memory can be supported by two independent processes: recollection (i.e. vivid memory for an item and the contextual details surrounding it) versus familiarity (i.e. the mere sense that an item is old). There is conflicting evidence on whether recognition memory is impaired in Parkinson's disease, perhaps because few studies have separated recollection from familiarity. We aimed to explore whether recollection or familiarity is more likely to be affected by Parkinson's disease, using three methods: (i) the word-frequency mirror effect to make inferences about recollection and familiarity based on recognition of high- versus low-frequency words, (ii) subjective estimates of recollection (remembering) versus familiarity (knowing), and (iii) a process-dissociation procedure where participants are required to endorse only some of the previously studied items on a recognition memory test, but not others. We tested Parkinson's disease patients (n = 19 and n = 16, age range = 58–77 years and age range = 50–75 in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively) and age- and education-matched controls (n = 23 and n = 16 in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively). Overall, the Parkinson's disease group showed a reduction in recognition memory, but this appeared to be primarily due to impairment of familiarity, with a lesser decline in recollection. We discuss how this pattern may be related to dysfunction of striatal, prefrontal and/or medial temporal regions in Parkinson's disease.

Key Words: recognition memory; recollection; familiarity; Parkinson's disease

Abbreviations: MTL, medial temporal lobe; PDP, process-dissociation procedure

Received October 25, 2005. Revised February 27, 2006. Accepted April 4, 2006.


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