Brain Advance Access originally published online on September 19, 2006
Brain 2007 130(2):381-393; doi:10.1093/brain/awl238
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Pathological consequences of VCP mutations on human striated muscle
1 Institute of Biochemistry I University of Cologne, Cologne 2 Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Medical Faculty University of Cologne, Cologne 3 Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn Bonn 4 Department of Radiology, University Hospital Bonn Bonn 5 Institute for Neuropathology, University Hospital Bonn Bonn 6 Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn Bonn 7 Department of Neuroproteomics, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin 8 Friedrich-Baur-Institut and Department of Neurology, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich München, Germany 9 Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh Edinburgh, UK 10 Division of Genetics, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
Correspondence to: Rolf Schröder, MD, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph Stelzmann Strauss 52, 50931 Cologne, Germany E-mail: rolf.schroeder{at}uni-koeln.de
Mutations in the valosin-containing protein (VCP, p97) gene on chromosome 9p13–p12 cause a late-onset form of autosomal dominant inclusion body myopathy associated with Paget disease of the bone and frontotemporal dementia (IBMPFD). We report on the pathological consequences of three heterozygous VCP (R93C, R155H, R155C) mutations on human striated muscle. IBMPFD skeletal muscle pathology is characterized by degenerative changes and filamentous VCP- and ubiquitin-positive cytoplasmic and nuclear protein aggregates. Furthermore, this is the first report demonstrating that mutant VCP leads to a novel form of dilatative cardiomyopathy with inclusion bodies. In contrast to post-mitotic striated muscle cells and neurons of IBMPFD patients, evidence of protein aggregate pathology was not detected in primary IBMPFD myoblasts or in transient and stable transfected cells using wild-type-VCP and R93C-, R155H-, R155C-VCP mutants. Glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments showed that all three VCP mutations do not affect the binding to Ufd1, Npl4 and ataxin-3. Structural analysis demonstrated that R93 and R155 are both surface-accessible residues located in the centre of cavities that may enable ligand-binding. Mutations at R93 and R155 are predicted to induce changes in the tertiary structure of the VCP protein. The search for putative ligands to the R93 and R155 cavities resulted in the identification of cyclic sugar compounds with high binding scores. The latter findings provide a novel link to VCP carbohydrate interactions in the complex pathology of IBMPFD.
Key Words: VCP; p97; myopathy; cardiomyopathy; IBMPFD
Abbreviations: GST, glutathione S-transferase; IBMPFD, inclusion body myopathy associated with Paget disease of the bone and frontotemporal dementia; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline; SDS, sodium dodecyl sulphate; VCP, valosin-containing protein
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Received May 10, 2006. Revised July 26, 2006. Accepted August 8, 2006.
*These authors have contributed equally to this work.
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