Brain, Vol 120, Issue 7 1199-1216, Copyright © 1997 by Oxford University Press
MJ Mayston, LM Harrison, R Quinton, JA Stephens, M Krams and PM Bouloux
Possible mechanisms underlying the pathological mirror movements that are
seen in the majority of patients with X-linked Kallmann's syndrome have
been investigated using neurophysiological techniques. An EMG was recorded
from the first dorsal interosseous muscle (1DI) during voluntary self-paced
abduction of one indexed finger; EMG activity could also be recorded
simultaneously from the contralateral 1DI. There was no significant
difference between the time of onset of the bursts of voluntary and
involuntary mirroring EMG. Focal magnetic stimulation of the hand area of
the motor cortex revealed the presence of fast conducting bilateral
corticospinal projections from each motor cortex in all subjects. However,
both inter- and intra-subject differences exist when considering the ratio
of ipsilaterally to contralaterally projecting axons. Cross-correlation
analysis of multi-unit EMGs recorded during simultaneous voluntary
sustained activation of homologous left and right pairs of distal upper
limb muscles was performed. A short duration central peak was seen in the
cross- correlograms indicating the presence of a common drive to left and
right homologous motor neuron pools. This common drive may result from the
synchronous activation of intermingled ipsilaterally and contralaterally
projecting corticospinal neurons in the motor cortex. Cutaneomuscular
reflexes were recorded from the 1DI following stimulation of the digital
nerves of the index finger. Typically each reflex comprises spinal and
longer latency trans-cortical components. In these subjects, the long
latency components of the reflex response could, in addition, be recorded
from the 1DI of the non-stimulated side. We conclude that these subject
have a novel ipsilateral at least in part, for the pathological mirroring.
ARTICLES
Mirror movements in X-linked Kallmann's syndrome. I. A neurophysiological study
Department of Physiology, University College London, UK.
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