Brain, Vol 121, Issue 5 875-887, Copyright © 1998 by Oxford University Press
MD Kopelman, TG Stevens, S Foli and P Grasby
Regional cerebral blood flow was examined during multiple-trial learning in
healthy volunteers. On the basis that incremental learning from trial to
trial is severely impaired in neuropsychological studies of patients with
medial temporal lesions, we predicted that medial temporal activation might
be particularly associated with incremental gains in learning. On the other
hand, we predicted that frontal activations would not show any increase
during incremental learning, and might even diminish. PET recordings were
undertaken while subjects were presented visually with a 15-word list in
one of three conditions: a list in which a single word was repeated 15
times (S), a list of novel words (N), and a list which was repeated from
before (R). We demonstrated that statistically significant incremental
learning did occur when word lists were repeated in (R) trials. The
subtraction of novel minus repeated conditions (N-R) was associated with
left medial temporal as well as left prefrontal activations, whereas the
opposite (R-N) subtraction gave rise to right prefrontal and precuneal
activations. In particular, incremental learning during the repeated trials
(R) identified a left medial temporal activation, as predicted, but the
left frontal activation was no longer evident. We suggest that the left
medial temporal region is not only activated by novel, to-be- learned
stimuli, but it also contributes to incremental learning as part of a
network involved in 'binding' or 'consolidating' new memories. The right
frontal and precuneal regions, which participate in the repeated retrieval
and rehearsal of already learned memories, are also involved in this
network. The left frontal region is implicated in the more 'effortful' or
elaborative aspects of memory.
ARTICLES
PET activation of the medial temporal lobe in learning
Division of Psychiatry and Psychology, UMDS-St Thomas's Hospital, London, UK.
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