Brain, Vol. 122, No. 2, 329-338,
February 1999
© 1999 Oxford University Press
Brain activation during maintenance of standing postures in humans
1 Positron Medical Center, Hamamatsu Medical Center and 2 Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Hamakita, Japan
Correspondence to:
Yasuomi Ouchi MD, Positron Medical Center, Hamamatsu Medical Center, 5000 Hirakuchi, Hamakita 434-0041, Japan
The regulatory mechanism of bipedal standing in humans remains to be elucidated. We investigated neural substrates for maintaining standing postures in humans using PET with our mobile gantry PET system. Normal volunteers were instructed to adopt several postures: supine with eyes open toward a target; standing with feet together and eyes open or eyes closed; and standing on one foot or with two feet in a tandem relationship with eyes open toward the target. Compared with the supine posture, standing with feet together activated the cerebellar anterior lobe and the right visual cortex (Brodmann area 18/19), and standing on one foot increased cerebral blood flow in the cerebellar anterior vermis and the posterior lobe lateral cortex ipsilateral to the weight-bearing side. Standing in tandem was accompanied by activation within the visual association cortex, the anterior and posterior vermis as well as within the midbrain. Standing with eyes closed activated the prefrontal cortex (Brodmann area 8/9). Our findings confirmed that the cerebellar vermis efferent system plays an important role in maintenance of standing posture and suggested that the visual association cortex may subserve regulating postural equilibrium while standing.
postural balance; brain activation; PET; statistical parametric mapping
ANCOVA = analysis of covariance; ANOVA = analysis of variance; BA = Brodmann area; rCBF = regional cerebral blood flow; SPM = statistical parametric mapping
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