Brain, Vol. 123, No. 6, 1161-1173,
June 2000
© 2000 Oxford University Press
Human corticospinal excitability evaluated with transcranial magnetic stimulation during different reaction time paradigms
1 Human Motor Control Section, NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA and 2 Clinical Neurophysiology Department, Hospital San Raffaele, University of Milan, Italy
Correspondence to:
Mark Hallett, MD, Clinical Director, NINDS, NIH, Building 10, Room 5N226, 10 Center Dr MSC 1428, Bethesda, MD 20892-1428, USA E-mail: mark-hallett{at}nih.gov
The aim of this study was to evaluate corticospinal excitability of both hemispheres during the reaction time (RT) using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Nine right-handed subjects performed right and left thumb extensions in simple (SRT), choice (CRT) and go/no-go auditory RT paradigms. TMS, inducing motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) simultaneously in the extensor pollicis brevis muscles bilaterally, was applied at different latencies from the tone. For all paradigms, MEP amplitudes on the side of movement increased progressively in the 80–120 ms before EMG onset, while the resting side showed inhibition. The inhibition was significantly more pronounced for right than for left thumb movements. For the left SRT, significant facilitation occurred on the right after EMG onset. Initial bilateral facilitation occurred in SRT trials with slow RT. After no-go tones, bilateral inhibition occurred at a time corresponding to the mean RT to go tones. The timing of the corticospinal rise in excitability on the side of movement was independent of task difficulty and RT. This suggests that corticospinal activation is, to some extent, in series and not in parallel with stimulus processing and response selection. Corticospinal inhibition on the side not to be moved implies that suppression of movement is an active process. This inhibition is more efficient for right- than for left-side movements in right-handed subjects, possibly because of left hemispheric dominance for movement.
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  T. J. Carroll, M. Lee, M. Hsu, and J. Sayde Unilateral practice of a ballistic movement causes bilateral increases in performance and corticospinal excitability J Appl Physiol, June 1, 2008; 104(6): 1656 - 1664. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J Duque, R Mazzocchio, K Stefan, F Hummel, E Olivier, and L. G. Cohen Memory Formation in the Motor Cortex Ipsilateral to a Training Hand Cereb Cortex, June 1, 2008; 18(6): 1395 - 1406. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. Boulinguez, M. Jaffard, L. Granjon, and A. Benraiss Warning Signals Induce Automatic EMG Activations and Proactive Volitional Inhibition: Evidence From Analysis of Error Distribution in Simple RT J Neurophysiol, March 1, 2008; 99(3): 1572 - 1578. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Reis, O. B. Swayne, Y. Vandermeeren, M. Camus, M. A. Dimyan, M. Harris-Love, M. A. Perez, P. Ragert, J. C. Rothwell, and L. G. Cohen Contribution of transcranial magnetic stimulation to the understanding of cortical mechanisms involved in motor control J. Physiol., January 15, 2008; 586(2): 325 - 351. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. Pastotter, S. Hanslmayr, and K.-H. Bauml Inhibition of return arises from inhibition of response processes: an analysis of oscillatory Beta activity. J. Cogn. Neurosci., January 1, 2008; 20(1): 65 - 75. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. L. Harris-Love, M. A. Perez, R. Chen, and L. G. Cohen Interhemispheric Inhibition in Distal and Proximal Arm Representations in the Primary Motor Cortex J Neurophysiol, March 1, 2007; 97(3): 2511 - 2515. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. P. Coxon, C. M. Stinear, and W. D. Byblow Selective Inhibition of Movement J Neurophysiol, March 1, 2007; 97(3): 2480 - 2489. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Duque, N. Murase, P. Celnik, F. Hummel, M. Harris-Love, R. Mazzocchio, E. Olivier, and L. G. Cohen Intermanual Differences in Movement-related Interhemispheric Inhibition. J. Cogn. Neurosci., February 1, 2007; 19(2): 204 - 213. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. van den Hurk, R. B. Mars, G. van Elswijk, J. Hegeman, J. W. Pasman, B. R. Bloem, and I. Toni Online Maintenance of Sensory and Motor Representations: Effects on Corticospinal Excitability J Neurophysiol, February 1, 2007; 97(2): 1642 - 1648. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. van Elswijk, B. U. Kleine, S. Overeem, and D. F. Stegeman Expectancy induces dynamic modulation of corticospinal excitability. J. Cogn. Neurosci., January 1, 2007; 19(1): 121 - 131. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Verstynen, T. Konkle, and R. B. Ivry Two Types of TMS-Induced Movement Variability After Stimulation of the Primary Motor Cortex J Neurophysiol, September 1, 2006; 96(3): 1018 - 1029. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. P. Coxon, C. M. Stinear, and W. D. Byblow Intracortical Inhibition During Volitional Inhibition of Prepared Action J Neurophysiol, June 1, 2006; 95(6): 3371 - 3383. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Perfiliev Bilateral Processing of Motor Commands in the Motor Cortex of the Cat During Target-Reaching J Neurophysiol, May 1, 2005; 93(5): 2489 - 2506. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Duque, R. Mazzocchio, J. Dambrosia, N. Murase, E. Olivier, and L.G. Cohen Kinematically Specific Interhemispheric Inhibition Operating in the Process of Generation of a Voluntary Movement Cereb Cortex, May 1, 2005; 15(5): 588 - 593. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Praamstra and E. Seiss The Neurophysiology of Response Competition: Motor Cortex Activation and Inhibition following Subliminal Response Priming J. Cogn. Neurosci., March 1, 2005; 17(3): 483 - 493. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J.-T. Chen, Y.-Y. Lin, D.-E Shan, Z.-A. Wu, M. Hallett, and K.-K. Liao Effect of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Bimanual Movements J Neurophysiol, January 1, 2005; 93(1): 53 - 63. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. J. Serrien, M. Orth, A. H. Evans, A. J. Lees, and P. Brown Motor inhibition in patients with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome: functional activation patterns as revealed by EEG coherence Brain, January 1, 2005; 128(1): 116 - 125. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Shibukawa, M. Shintani, T. Kumai, T. Suzuki, and Y. Nakamura Cortical Neuromagnetic Fields Preceding Voluntary Jaw Movements J. Dent. Res., July 1, 2004; 83(7): 572 - 577. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Kobayashi, S. Hutchinson, H. Theoret, G. Schlaug, and A. Pascual-Leone Repetitive TMS of the motor cortex improves ipsilateral sequential simple finger movements Neurology, January 13, 2004; 62(1): 91 - 98. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. H. Sohn, N. Dang, and M. Hallett Suppression of Corticospinal Excitability During Negative Motor Imagery J Neurophysiol, October 1, 2003; 90(4): 2303 - 2309. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. H. Sohn, K. Wiltz, and M. Hallett Effect of Volitional Inhibition on Cortical Inhibitory Mechanisms J Neurophysiol, July 1, 2002; 88(1): 333 - 338. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Rademacher, U. Burgel, S. Geyer, T. Schormann, A. Schleicher, H.-J. Freund, and K. Zilles Variability and asymmetry in the human precentral motor system: A cytoarchitectonic and myeloarchitectonic brain mapping study Brain, November 1, 2001; 124(11): 2232 - 2258. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|