Brain, Vol. 125, No. 11, 2523-2536,
November 2002
© 2002 Oxford University Press
Recollection-based memory in frontotemporal dementia: implications for theories of long-term memory
1 MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit and 2 University Neurology Unit, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK 3 Memory Disorders Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA and 4 Mount Zion Hospital, University of California at San Francisco, CA, USA
Correspondence to: Jon Simons, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, Alexandra House, 17 Queen Square, London WC1N 3AR, UK; or Kim Graham, MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, 15 Chaucer Road, Cambridge CB2 2EF, UK E-mail: jon.simons{at}ucl.ac.uk or kim.graham{at}mrc-cbu.cam.ac.uk
It has been convincingly demonstrated that patients with semantic dementia (the temporal variant of frontotemporal dementia) can show intact recognition memory for pictorial stimuli. As yet, the contribution made by recollective processes to this ability and the status of associated neural regions have not been investigated in the disease. Here, we used both a source monitoring paradigm and an associative memory test to evaluate the ability of patients with semantic dementia to use recollection-based memory processes, and a volumetric MRI technique to assess the extent of atrophy in the hippocampus. Although some patients showed impaired source and associative memory, many performed as well as control participants. Importantly, status of semantic knowledge, as measured by tests of comprehension and production, did not predict recollection-based memory ability. There was no significant positive correlation between recollection and volume of the hippocampus; instead, both source discrimination and associative memory correlated highly with performance on a battery of frontal lobe tests. Consistent with the view that damage to the prefrontal cortex might influence recollection performance, patients with the frontal variant of frontotemporal dementia, with atrophy largely confined to the frontal lobes, all performed at floor level on source discrimination. These results provide further compelling evidence in favour of the multiple input model of long-term memory and highlight the role of frontal lobe systems in recollection-based memory.
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