Skip Navigation

This Article
Right arrow Full Text Freely available
Right arrow FREE Full Text (PDF) Freely available
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in ISI Web of Science
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Add to My Personal Archive
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow Search for citing articles in:
ISI Web of Science (77)
Right arrowRequest Permissions
Right arrow Disclaimer
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Schoch, H. J.
Right arrow Articles by Marti, H. H.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Schoch, H. J.
Right arrow Articles by Marti, H. H.
Social Bookmarking
Add to CiteULike   Add to Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us  
What's this?

Brain, Vol. 125, No. 11, 2549-2557, November 2002
© 2002 Oxford University Press

Hypoxia-induced vascular endothelial growth factor expression causes vascular leakage in the brain

Heike J. Schoch1, Silvia Fischer2 and Hugo H. Marti1,3

1 Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute for Physiological and Clinical Research, 2 Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Kerckhoff Clinic, Bad Nauheim, Germany and 3 Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland

Correspondence to: PD Dr med Hugo H. Marti, University of Zürich, Institute of Physiology, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland E-mail: marti{at}physiol.unizh.ch

Formation of cerebral oedema caused by vascular leakage is a major problem in various injuries of the CNS, such as stroke, head injury and high-altitude illness. A common feature of all these disorders is the fact that they are associated with tissue hypoxia. Hypoxia has therefore been suggested to be an important pathogenic factor for the induction of vascular leakage in the brain. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is known as the major inducer of angiogenesis. Originally, however, it was described as a vascular permeability factor. As VEGF gene expression was shown to be upregulated by hypoxia, increased VEGF expression may link hypoxia and vascular leakage in the CNS in vivo. To delineate the role of VEGF in vascular leakage in the brain, we studied the effect of hypoxia on VEGF expression and vascular permeability in the brains of mice in vivo. Hypoxic exposure led to a significant increase in the levels of VEGF mRNA and protein in mouse brain that correlated with the severity of the hypoxic stimulus. Measurement of vascular permeability using the fluorescent marker sodium fluorescein revealed a two-fold increase in fluorescence intensity in hypoxic brains, indicative of significant vascular leakage. Inhibition of VEGF activity by a neutralizing antibody completely blocked the hypoxia-induced increase in vascular permeability. In conclusion, our data show that VEGF is responsible for hypoxia-induced augmentation in vascular leakage following tissue hypoxia. Our findings might provide the basis for new therapeutic concepts for the treatment of cerebral oedema.


Add to CiteULike CiteULike   Add to Connotea Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us Del.icio.us    What's this?


This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol.Home page
N. Schmid-Brunclik, C. Burgi-Taboada, X. Antoniou, M. Gassmann, and O. O. Ogunshola
Astrocyte responses to injury: VEGF simultaneously modulates cell death and proliferation
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, September 1, 2008; 295(3): R864 - R873.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ChestHome page
R. B. Schoene
Illnesses at High Altitude
Chest, August 1, 2008; 134(2): 402 - 416.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Cereb CortexHome page
H. Bengoetxea, E. G. Argandona, and J. V. Lafuente
Effects of Visual Experience on Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression during the Postnatal Development of the Rat Visual Cortex
Cereb Cortex, July 1, 2008; 18(7): 1630 - 1639.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Neuroradiol.Home page
W.S. Bartynski
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome, Part 2: Controversies Surrounding Pathophysiology of Vasogenic Edema
AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol., June 1, 2008; 29(6): 1043 - 1049.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Neuroradiol.Home page
W.S. Bartynski and J.F. Boardman
Catheter Angiography, MR Angiography, and MR Perfusion in Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome
AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol., March 1, 2008; 29(3): 447 - 455.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 StrokeHome page
L. Sun, H. H. Marti, and R. Veltkamp
Hyperbaric Oxygen Reduces Tissue Hypoxia and Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1{alpha} Expression in Focal Cerebral Ischemia
Stroke, March 1, 2008; 39(3): 1000 - 1006.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 BloodHome page
S. Fischer, T. Gerriets, C. Wessels, M. Walberer, S. Kostin, E. Stolz, K. Zheleva, A. Hocke, S. Hippenstiel, and K. T. Preissner
Extracellular RNA mediates endothelial-cell permeability via vascular endothelial growth factor
Blood, October 1, 2007; 110(7): 2457 - 2465.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Pharmacol.Home page
W.-L. Yeh, D.-Y. Lu, C.-J. Lin, H.-C. Liou, and W.-M. Fu
Inhibition of Hypoxia-Induced Increase of Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability by YC-1 through the Antagonism of HIF-1{alpha} Accumulation and VEGF Expression
Mol. Pharmacol., August 1, 2007; 72(2): 440 - 449.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.Home page
M. Loffler, J. C. Morote-Garcia, S. A. Eltzschig, I. R. Coe, and H. K. Eltzschig
Physiological Roles of Vascular Nucleoside Transporters
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., May 1, 2007; 27(5): 1004 - 1013.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol.Home page
A. T. McLaren, P. A. Marsden, C. D. Mazer, A. J. Baker, D. J. Stewart, A. K. Y. Tsui, X. Li, Y. Yucel, M. Robb, S. R. Boyd, et al.
Increased expression of HIF-1{alpha}, nNOS, and VEGF in the cerebral cortex of anemic rats
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, January 1, 2007; 292(1): R403 - R414.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurosci.Home page
U. Kilic, E. Kilic, A. Jarve, Z. Guo, A. Spudich, K. Bieber, U. Barzena, C. L. Bassetti, H. H. Marti, and D. M. Hermann
Human Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Protects Axotomized Retinal Ganglion Cells In Vivo by Activating ERK-1/2 and Akt Pathways
J. Neurosci., November 29, 2006; 26(48): 12439 - 12446.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 FASEB J.Home page
E. Kilic, U. Kilic, Y. Wang, C. L. Bassetti, H. H. Marti, and D. M. Hermann
The phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/Akt pathway mediates VEGF's neuroprotective activity and induces blood brain barrier permeability after focal cerebral ischemia
FASEB J, June 1, 2006; 20(8): 1185 - 1187.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 IOVSHome page
C. Kaur, V. Sivakumar, and W. S. Foulds
Early response of neurons and glial cells to hypoxia in the retina.
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., March 1, 2006; 47(3): 1126 - 1141.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 StrokeHome page
R. Garg, A. Chaudhuri, F. Munschauer, and P. Dandona
Hyperglycemia, Insulin, and Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Mechanistic Justification for a Trial of Insulin Infusion Therapy
Stroke, January 1, 2006; 37(1): 267 - 273.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 StrokeHome page
R. Veltkamp, D. A. Siebing, L. Sun, S. Heiland, K. Bieber, H. H. Marti, S. Nagel, S. Schwab, and M. Schwaninger
Hyperbaric Oxygen Reduces Blood-Brain Barrier Damage and Edema After Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia
Stroke, August 1, 2005; 36(8): 1679 - 1683.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 StrokeHome page
R. Kimura, H. Nakase, R. Tamaki, and T. Sakaki
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Antagonist Reduces Brain Edema Formation and Venous Infarction
Stroke, June 1, 2005; 36(6): 1259 - 1263.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
M. C. Tissot van Patot, G. Leadbetter, L. E. Keyes, J. Bendrick-Peart, V. E. Beckey, U. Christians, and P. Hackett
Greater free plasma VEGF and lower soluble VEGF receptor-1 in acute mountain sickness
J Appl Physiol, May 1, 2005; 98(5): 1626 - 1629.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 BrainHome page
Y. Wang, E. Kilic, U. Kilic, B. Weber, C. L. Bassetti, H. H. Marti, and D. M. Hermann
VEGF overexpression induces post-ischaemic neuroprotection, but facilitates haemodynamic steal phenomena
Brain, January 1, 2005; 128(1): 52 - 63.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
M. Mura, C. C. dos Santos, D. Stewart, and M. Liu
Vascular endothelial growth factor and related molecules in acute lung injury
J Appl Physiol, November 1, 2004; 97(5): 1605 - 1617.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Neuroradiol.Home page
W. S. Bartynski, Z. R. Zeigler, R. K. Shadduck, and J. Lister
Pretransplantation Conditioning Influence on the Occurrence of Cyclosporine or FK-506 Neurotoxicity in Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation
AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol., February 1, 2004; 25(2): 261 - 269.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.Home page
K. S. Mark, A. R. Burroughs, R. C. Brown, J. D. Huber, and T. P. Davis
Nitric oxide mediates hypoxia-induced changes in paracellular permeability of cerebral microvasculature
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, January 1, 2004; 286(1): H174 - H180.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Cancer Res.Home page
N. S. Ningaraj, M. K. Rao, and K. L. Black
Adenosine 5'-triphosphate-sensitive Potassium Channel-mediated Blood-Brain Tumor Barrier Permeability Increase in a Rat Brain Tumor Model
Cancer Res., December 15, 2003; 63(24): 8899 - 8911.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
M. El-Mousawi, L. Tchistiakova, L. Yurchenko, G. Pietrzynski, M. Moreno, D. Stanimirovic, D. Ahmad, and V. Alakhov
A Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor High Affinity Receptor 1-specific Peptide with Antiangiogenic Activity Identified Using a Phage Display Peptide Library
J. Biol. Chem., November 21, 2003; 278(47): 46681 - 46691.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Exp. Med.Home page
H. K. Eltzschig, J. C. Ibla, G. T. Furuta, M. O. Leonard, K. A. Jacobson, K. Enjyoji, S. C. Robson, and S. P. Colgan
Coordinated Adenine Nucleotide Phosphohydrolysis and Nucleoside Signaling in Posthypoxic Endothelium: Role of Ectonucleotidases and Adenosine A2B Receptors
J. Exp. Med., September 2, 2003; 198(5): 783 - 796.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Disclaimer:
Please note that abstracts for content published before 1996 were created through digital scanning and may therefore not exactly replicate the text of the original print issues. All efforts have been made to ensure accuracy, but the Publisher will not be held responsible for any remaining inaccuracies. If you require any further clarification, please contact our Customer Services Department.