Brain Advance Access originally published online on October 8, 2003
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Brain, Vol. 127, No. 1, 73-88, 2004
© 2004 Guarantors of Brain
doi: 10.1093/brain/awh005
Minute quantities of misfolded mutant superoxide dismutase-1 cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
1 Clinical Chemistry and 2 Pathology, Department of Medical Biosciences, 3 Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, 4 Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, Halmstad County Hospital, Halmstad, Sweden and 5 Department of Neurology, H:S Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
Correspondence to: Stefan L. Marklund, Department of Medical Biosciences, Clinical Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-901 85 Umeå, SwedenE-mail: stefan.marklund{at}medbio.umu.se
Mutant forms of superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1) cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) by an unknown noxious mechanism. Using an antibody against a novel epitope in the G127insTGGG mutation, mutant SOD1 was studied for the first time in spinal cord and brain of an ALS patient. The level was below 0.5% of the SOD1 level in controls. In corresponding transgenic mice the content of mutant SOD1 was also low, although it was enriched in spinal cord and brain compared with other tissues. In the mice the misfolded mutant SOD1 aggregated rapidly and 20% occurred in steady state as detergent-soluble protoaggregates. The misfolded SOD1 and the protoaggregates form, from birth until death, a potentially noxious burden that may induce the motor neuron injury. Detergent-resistant aggregates, as well as inclusions of mutant SOD1 in motor neurons and astrocytes, accumulated in spinal cord ventral horns of the patient and mice with terminal disease. The inclusions and aggregates may serve as terminal markers of long-term assault by misfolded SOD1 and protoaggregates.
Key Words: aggregation; transgenic mice; SOD; motor neuron disease
Abbreviations: ALS = amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; DTPA = diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid; NP40 = Nonidet P-40; GFAP = glial fibrillary acidic protein; SOD = superoxide dismutase; UCH-L1 = ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1
Received March 7, 2003. Revised June 25, 2003. Accepted July 17, 2003.
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