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Brain Advance Access originally published online on July 24, 2008
Brain 2008 131(9):2341-2352; doi:10.1093/brain/awn156
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© The Author (2008). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Guarantors of Brain. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Gadofluorine M enhancement allows more sensitive detection of inflammatory CNS lesions than T2-w imaging: a quantitative MRI study

Martin Bendszus1,2,*, Gesa Ladewig3, Leonie Jestaedt1,2, Bernd Misselwitz4, Laszlo Solymosi1, Klaus Toyka3 and Guido Stoll3,*

1Department of Neuroradiology, University of Würzburg, 2Department of Neuroradiology, University of Heidelberg, 3Department of Neurology, University of Würzburg and 4Research Laboratories of Bayer Schering Pharma AG, Berlin, Germany

Correspondence to: Prof. Dr. Martin Bendszus, Department of Neuroradiology, University of Heidelberg, INF 400, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany E-mail: martin.bendszus{at}med.uni-heidelberg.de

Magnetic resonance imaging plays a pivotal role in the diagnosis and treatment monitoring of multiple sclerosis. Currently available magnetic resonance-techniques only partly reflect the extent of tissue inflammation and damage. In the present study, application of the experimental magnetic resonance-contrast agent Gadofluorine M significantly increased the sensitivity of lesion detection in myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, an animal model for multiple sclerosis. Gadofluorine M-enhancement on T1-weighted (T1-w) images utilizing a clinical 1.5 T magnetic resonance unit showed numerous lesions in optic nerve, spinal cord and brain, the majority of which were not detectable on standard T2-weighted (T2-w) and Gd-DTPA enhanced T1-w sequences. Quantitative assessment by pixel counts revealed highly significant differences in sensitivity in favour of Gadofluorine M. Gadofluorine uptake closely corresponded to inflammation and demyelination on tissue sections. These unique features of Gadofluorine M in visualizing inflammatory CNS lesions hold promise for future clinical development in multiple sclerosis.

Key Words: multiple sclerosis; CNS inflammation; experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis; magnetic resonance imaging; Gadofluorine

Abbreviations: BBB, blood–brain barrier; EAE, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis; Gf, Gadofluorine M; Gd, Gadolinium; ON, optic nerve; MOG, myelin–oligodendrocyte–glycoprotein; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging

.

Received January 28, 2008. Revised May 29, 2008. Accepted June 23, 2008.

*These authors contributed equally to this work.


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