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Brain Advance Access published online on June 23, 2005
Brain, doi:10.1093/brain/awh579
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© The Author (2005). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Guarantors of Brain. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oupjournals.org
Received October 17, 2004
Revised May 20, 2005
Accepted May 24, 2005

Article

Brain abnormalities underlying altered activation in dyslexia: a voxel based morphometry study

G. Silani 1, U. Frith 2, J.-F. Demonet 3, F. Fazio 4, D. Perani 5, C. Price 6, C. D. Frith 6, and E. Paulesu 1*

1 Psychology Department, University Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
2 Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
3 INSERM U455, Hòpital Purpan, Toulouse, France
4 Neuroscience and Biomedical Technologies Department, University Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy; CNR--Istituto di Bioimmagini e Fisiologia Molecolare (IBFM), Milan, Italy; Nuclear Medicine Department, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
5 Neuroscience Department, University Vita Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
6 Wellcome Department of Imaging Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, London, UK

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
E. Paulesu, E-mail: eraldo.paulesu{at}unimib.it


  Abstract

Voxel-based morphometry was used to assess the consistency among functional imaging and brain morphometry data in developmental dyslexia. Subjects, from three different cultural contexts (UK, France and Italy), were the same as those described in a previous PET activation paper, which revealed a common pattern of reduced activation during reading tasks in the left temporal and occipital lobes. We provide evidence that altered activation observed within the reading system is associated with altered density of grey and white matter of specific brain regions, such as the left middle and inferior temporal gyri and the left arcuate fasciculus. This supports the view that dyslexia is associated with both local grey matter dysfunction and with altered connectivity among phonological/reading areas. The differences were replicable across samples confirming that the neurological disorder underlying dyslexia is the same across the cultures investigated in the study.

Keywords: developmental dyslexia; MRI; PET; cultural context; phonological deficit; disconnection hypothesis; grey matter; white matter.
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