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Brain Advance Access first published online on October 16, 2007
This version published online on February 14, 2008
Brain, doi:10.1093/brain/awm249
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© 2007 The Author(s)
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/uk/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Review Article

Magic but treatable? Tumours due to loss of Merlin

C. O. Hanemann

Clinical Neurobiology, Peninsula Medical School, The John Bull Building, Tamar Science Park, Research Way, Plymouth, PL6 8BU, UK

Correspondence to: C. O. Hanemann, Clinical Neurobiology, Peninsula Medical School, The John Bull Building, Tamar Science Park, Research Way, Plymouth, PL6 8BU, UK. E-mail: oliver.hanemann{at}pms.ac.uk

Alterations in the NF2 gene coding for merlin cause all tumours that occur in patients suffering from neurofibromatosis type 2, all spontaneous schwannomas and the majority of meningiomas. Thus merlin's tumours are quite frequent and also numerous when inherited as part of meurofibromatosis type 2. Tumours caused by mutations in the NF2 gene are benign and thus do not respond to classical chemotherapy. Surgery and radiosurgery are only local therapies and the patients frequently require multiple treatments. This highlights the medical need to understand how merlin loss results in tumourigenesis and the need to find new systemic therapies. The benign, and therefore genetically stable and homogenous character of the tumours allows establishment of meaningful tumour models. This brings about the rather unique opportunity to both analyse the consequences of the gene defect and identify new therapeutic targets. In this review, I will first describe the phenotypes associated with ‘merlin’ mutations and consider differential diagnosis, in particular Schwannomatosis, for which a gene defect has been described recently. Existing therapeutic options, surgery and radiosurgery, including new data on the latter will be reviewed. Finally, I will discuss how loss of merlin leads to tumourigenesis in order to understand the rationale for emerging new therapeutic targets.

Key Words: schwannoma; meningioma; ependymoma; neurofibromatosis 2; merlin

Abbreviations: HRS, hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate; Merlin, Moesin-ezrin-radixin-like protein; NF2, neurofibromatosis 2; PAK, P21-activated kinase

Received July 12, 2007. Revised August 22, 2007. Accepted September 17, 2007.


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